Skip to main content

Imaging Amyloid Precursor Protein In Vivo: An Axonal Transport Assay

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Book cover Neurotrophic Factors

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 846))

Abstract

Fusion of fluorescent probes to axonally transported proteins represents an established approach that enables live imaging of axonal transport. In this approach, in vivo examination of fluorescent particle dynamics provides information about the length, directionality, and the velocity by which axonally transported proteins travel along axons. Analysis of these parameters provides information about the distribution of axonal proteins and their dynamics in and between different subcellular compartments. Establishing the movement behavior of amyloid precursor protein within axons indicated that live imaging approaches offer the opportunity to significantly enhance our understanding of the biology as well as pathology of axonal transport. This chapter provides a fluorescence-based procedure for measuring axonal transport of APP in cultured newborn mouse hippocampal neurons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hirokawa N, and Noda Y (2008) Intracellular transport and kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs: structure, function, and dynamics. Physiol Rev 88, 1089–1118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kang J, Lemaire HG, Unterbeck A, Salbaum JM, Masters CL, Grzeschik KH, et al (1987) The precursor of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325, 733–736

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bertram L, Lill CM, and Tanzi RE (2010) The genetics of Alzheimer disease: back to the future. Neuron 68, 270–281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Goedert M, and Spillantini MG (2006) A century of Alzheimer’s disease. Science 314, 777–781

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cras P, Kawai M, Lowery D, Gonzalez-DeWhitt P, Greenberg B, and Perry G (1991) Senile plaque neurites in Alzheimer disease accumulate amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88, 7552–7556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stokin GB, and Goldstein LS (2006) Axonal transport and Alzheimer’s disease. Annu Rev Biochem 75, 607–627

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Stokin GB, and Goldstein LS (2006) Linking molecular motors to Alzheimer’s disease. J Physiol Paris 99, 193–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Joachim CL, Duffy LK, Morris JH, and Selkoe DJ (1988) Protein chemical and immunocytochemical studies of meningovascular beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging. Brain Res 474, 100–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Koo EH, Sisodia SS, Archer DR, Martin LJ, Weidemann A, Beyreuther K, et al (1990) Precursor of amyloid protein in Alzheimer disease undergoes fast anterograde axonal transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87, 1561–1565

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaether C, Skehel P, and Dotti CG (2000) Axonal membrane proteins are transported in distinct carriers: a two-color video microscopy study in cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Biol Cell 11, 1213–1224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Goldsbury C, Thies E, Konzack S, and Mandelkow EM (2007) Quantification of amyloid precursor protein and tau for the study of axonal traffic pathways. J Neurosci 27, 3357–3363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Stokin GB, Lillo C, Falzone TL, Brusch RG, Rockenstein E, Mount SL, et al (2005) Axonopathy and transport deficits early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Science 307, 1282–1288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Stokin GB, Almenar-Queralt A, Gunawardena S, Rodrigues EM, Falzone T, Kim J, et al (2008) Amyloid precursor protein-induced axonopathies are independent of amyloid-beta peptides. Hum Mol Genet 17, 3474–3486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Falzone TL, Stokin GB, Lillo C, Rodrigues EM, Westerman EL, Williams DS, et al (2009) Axonal stress kinase activation and tau misbehavior induced by kinesin-1 transport defects. J Neurosci 29, 5758–5767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Araki Y, Kawano T, Taru H, Saito Y, Wada S, Miyamoto K, et al (2007) The novel cargo Alcadein induces vesicle association of kinesin-1 motor components and activates axonal transport. EMBO J 26, 1475–1486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Eva R, Dassie E, Caswell PT, Dick G, ffrench-Constant C, Norman JC, et al (2010) Rab11 and its effector Rab coupling protein contribute to the trafficking of beta 1 integrins during axon growth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons and PC12 cells. J Neurosci 30, 11654–11669

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bilsland LG, Sahai E, Kelly G, Golding M, Greensmith L, and Schiavo G (2010) Deficits in axonal transport precede ALS symptoms in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 20523–20528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by PICT-2008-0293 (ANPCyT)(T.L.F.), Alzheimer Association NIRG-10-172840 Grant (T.L.F.) and P3-0338 grant from the Slovenian Research Agency (G.B.S.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gorazd B. Stokin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Falzone, T.L., Stokin, G.B. (2012). Imaging Amyloid Precursor Protein In Vivo: An Axonal Transport Assay. In: Skaper, S. (eds) Neurotrophic Factors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 846. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-535-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-536-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics