Origin of the pericellular baskets of the pyramidal cells of the human motor cortex: A golgi study

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(69)90204-2

Brain Research

Volume 14, Issue 3, August 1969, Pages 633-646

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(69)90204-2 Get rights and content

Summary

A Golgi study of the structure, distribution and origin of the pericellular baskets of the pyramidal cells of the human motor cortex is presented. This study has disclosed the presence in the motor cortex of a distinct type of stellate neuron which forms pericellular baskets around the bodies of the pyramidal cells of the lower layer III and layer V. These cortical basket cells are characterized also by their long horizontal and vertical dendrites. They are distributed from layers III–V, but they concentarte more commonly in layer IV of the motor cortex, perhaps representing the neuronal elements of this poorly defined cortical layer. The structure of the pericellular baskets is described in detail. It is suggested that the cortical basket cell here described may represent an inhibitory neuron of the human motor cortex.

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Cited by (144)

Neuronal pericellular baskets: neurotransmitter convergence and regulation of network excitability
2021, Trends in Neurosciences
Citation Excerpt :
While basket cell interneurons project locally to excitatory principal cells [15], other basket-extending monoaminergic neurons send long-range projections to target primarily GABAergic cells [10,14,17]. The presence of pericellular baskets is phylogenetically widespread, being found in reptiles, songbirds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans [2,3,18–21]. Even with their prevalence across organisms and brain regions and their likely gatekeeper role in controlling target neuron activity, little is known about the development, electrophysiology, and specific functions of pericellular baskets.
A pericellular basket is a presynaptic configuration of numerous axonal boutons outlining a target neuron soma and its proximal dendrites. Recent studies show neurochemical diversity of pericellular baskets and suggest that neurotransmitter usage together with the dense, soma-proximal boutons may permit strong input effects on different timescales. Here we review the development, distribution, neurochemical phenotypes, and possible functions of pericellular baskets. As an example, we highlight pericellular baskets formed by projections of certain Pet1/Fev neurons of the serotonergic raphe nuclei. We propose that pericellular baskets represent convergence sites of competition or facilitation between neurotransmitter systems on downstream circuitry, especially in limbic brain regions, where pericellular baskets are widespread. Study of these baskets may enhance our understanding of monoamine regulation of memory, social behavior, and brain oscillations.
Inhibitory regulation of the prefrontal cortex following behavioral sensitization to amphetamine and/or methamphetamine psychostimulants: A review of GABAergic mechanisms
2019, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Citation Excerpt :
They are differentiated from other neuronal subtypes by the presence of the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (Freund, 2003), and parvalbumin-expressing cells have the highest density in layers 3 and 4 of the PFC. Fast-spiking cells can be further differentiated into two distinct subtypes, basket and chandelier cells (Fig. 2). Basket cells can be large, small or nested basket cells, all of which innervate the soma, the proximal dendrites and spines of pyramidal cells (Marin-Padilla, 1969; Wang et al., 2002). Chandelier cells, on the other hand, synapse onto the initial axon segment of pyramidal cells, and can therefore be referred to as axo-axonic cells (Somogyi, 1977).
Behavioral sensitization to repeated psychostimulant administration has been proposed to reflect many of the neurochemical and behavioral changes that are characteristic of a range of disorders, including drug addiction and psychoses. While previous studies have examined the role of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in mediating sensitization, particularly within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the role of inhibitory GABAergic processing of the PFC in the expression of sensitization is not well understood. Recent research, however, has proposed an emerging role of GABA synthesis, reuptake, ionotropic and metabotropic receptor regulation, and interneuronal changes following sensitization to methamphetamine and/or amphetamine within the PFC. The aim of this review, therefore, is to synthesize research findings on changes to the GABAergic network following sensitization induced by amphetamines (i.e., amphetamine and/or methamphetamine) in the PFC. In addition to providing an overview of global PFC changes, we also provide evidence of regional specific inhibitory influences on sensitized circuitry, focusing on the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices. We propose a neural circuit through which inhibitory PFC GABA changes mediate sensitized disease states, focusing on the interaction between the prelimbic and orbitofrontal cortices with subcortical brain structures and the mesolimbic system. Methodological considerations and avenues for future research are also discussed.
Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the response of fast-spiking interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to 5-HT <inf>1A</inf> receptor agonist and expression of the receptor in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the rat
2011, Neurochemistry International
Citation Excerpt :
PV-positive neurons in the neocortex have been identified morphologically as basket or chandelier cells (Conde et al., 1994; Markram et al., 2004; Povysheva et al., 2008). These interneurons innervate the soma and proximal dendrites or the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons, respectively (Marin-Padilla, 1969; Markram et al., 2004). Thus, FS interneurons play a crucial regulatory role over PFC pyramidal output.
5-Hydroxytryptamine_1A (5-HT_1A) receptors are expressed in the prefrontal cortical interneurons. Among these interneurons, calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV)-positive fast spiking (FS) interneurons play an important role in regulatory function of the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, the response of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) FS interneurons to the selective 5-HT_1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and change in expression of 5-HT_1A receptor on PV-positive neurons were examined in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by using extracellular recording and double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (1–243 μg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the mean firing rate of the FS interneurons in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, respectively. The cumulative doses producing inhibition in the lesioned rats (243 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that of sham-operated rats (27 μg/kg). Furthermore, the local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0.01 μg) in the mPFC inhibited the FS interneurons in sham-operated rats, while having no effect on firing rate of the FS interneurons in the lesioned rats. In contrast to sham-operated rats, the lesion of the SNc in rats did not cause the change of PV-positive neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a subregion of the mPFC, whereas the lesion of the SNc markedly reduced in percentage of PV-positive neurons expressing 5-HT_1A receptors. Our results indicate that degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway results in the decreased response of FS interneurons in the mPFC to 5-HT_1A receptor stimulation, which attributes to down-regulation of 5-HT_1A receptor expression in these interneurons.
Chapter 2 Double-bouquet cells in the monkey and human cerebral cortex with special reference to areas 17 and 18
2006, Progress in Brain Research
Citation Excerpt :
However, instead of giving a different name to this particular neuronal type, Cajal used the term bitufted cell (células bipenachadas in Spanish, double-bouquet cell in French) to describe neurons with different dendritic and axonal morphologies (Cajal, 1899a–c, 1900, 1901, 1909/1911; DeFelipe, 2002). After the studies of Cajal, these cells were virtually ignored until interest in the Golgi method resurged with the analysis of cortical microanatomy that was carried out in the 1960s and 1970s by a number of investigators (Sholl, 1956; Colonnier, 1966; Marin-Padilla, 1969; Szentágothai, 1969; Scheibel and Scheibel, 1970; Valverde, 1970; Lund, 1973; Jones, 1975). Because these cells did not have a particular name, they received different names, which generated some confusion in the literature.
The detailed microanatomical study of the human cerebral cortex began in 1899 with the experiments of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who applied the Golgi method to define the structure of the visual, motor, auditory and olfactory cortex. In the first article of this series, he described a special type of interneuron in the visual cortex capable of exerting its influence in the vertical dimension. These neurons are now more commonly referred to as double-bouquet cells (DBCs). The DBCs are readily distinguished owing to their characteristic axons that give rise to tightly interwoven bundles of long, vertically oriented axonal collaterals resembling a horsetail (DBC horsetail). Nevertheless, the most striking characteristic of these neurons is that they are so numerous and regularly distributed that the DBC horsetails form a microcolumnar structure. In addition, DBCs establish hundreds of inhibitory synapses within a very narrow column of cortical tissue. These features have generated considerable interest in DBCs over recent years, principally among those researchers interested in the analysis of cortical circuits. In the present chapter, we shall discuss the morphology, synaptic connections and neurochemical features of DBCs that have been defined through the study of these cells in different cortical areas and species. We will mainly consider the immunocytochemical studies of DBCs that have been carried out in the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18) of human and macaque monkey. We will see that there are important differences in the morphology, number and distribution of DBC horsetails between areas 17 and 18 in the primate. This suggests important differences in the microcolumnar organization between these areas, the functional significance of which awaits detailed correlative physiological and microanatomical studies.
Cellular signalling properties in microcircuits
2005, Trends in Neurosciences
Molecules and cells are the signalling elements in microcircuits. Recent studies have uncovered bewildering diversity in postsynaptic signalling properties in all areas of the vertebrate nervous system. Major effort is now being invested in establishing the specialized signalling properties at the cellular and molecular levels in microcircuits in specific brain regions. This review is part of the TINS Microcircuits Special Feature.
A Brief Boost of Positive Energy When Young Makes for a Healthy Adult Interneuron
2019, Epilepsy Currents

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Origin of the pericellular baskets of the pyramidal cells of the human motor cortex: A golgi study

Summary

Recurrent inhibition in the hippocampus with identification of the inhibitory cell and its synapses

Nature (Lond.)

Inhibitory synapses on somas of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum

Nature (Lond.)

Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves

Rev. trim. Hist. norm. pat.

Estructura del asta de Ammon y fascia dentata

An. Soc. esp. Historia nat.

Estudios sobre la corteza cerebral humana. Estructura de la corteza motriz del hombre y mamiferos

Rev. trim. Microgr.