Elsevier

Brain Research

Volume 35, Issue 1, 10 December 1971, Pages 250-253
Brain Research

Convergent effects from bilateral vestibulospinal tracts on spinal interneurons

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    Lateral cooling affected the activity of neurons of both sides of the spinal cord. This is not surprising since unilateral fibers of many descending pathways affect spinal interneurons bilaterally (Aoyama et al., 1971; Stecina et al., 2008a,b). The effects of lateral cooling on individual neurons were different.

  • Enhanced mirror activity in 'crossed' reaction time tasks in multiple sclerosis

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    Although there is no clear pathophysiological mechanism linking brainstem atrophy with mEMG, as suggested from our results, an abnormal activation/suppression of the descending bilateral motor pathways from brainstem could hypothetically lead to mEMG. In fact, subcortical neural structures, such as the cerebellum, reticular formation, and vestibular system may contribute to appropriate control of descending subcortical motor pathways across the midline to perform coordinated movements (Aoyama et al., 1971; Carleton and Carpenter, 1983; Fukushima et al., 1979; Mitani et al., 1988; Peterson et al., 1975, 1979; Peterson, 1979; Shinoda et al., 1986; Soteropoulos and Baker, 2008; Soteropoulos et al., 2013; Zaaimi et al., 2012). In ‘crossed’ reaction time tasks, the sensory input (used as IS) necessarily reaches first the ‘mirror’ hemisphere (i.e., the hemisphere which should not be activated voluntarily in the intended reaction) and then, it reaches the ‘voluntary’ hemisphere likely via interhemispheric transcallosal connections.

  • Long descending motor tract axons and their control of neck and axial muscles

    2006, Progress in Brain Research
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    Neck motoneurons receive inputs from bilateral vestibular labyrinths and the shortest connections between vestibular primary afferents and neck motoneurons are disynaptic (Wilson and Melvill-Jones, 1979). In the lumbar spinal cord, extensor motoneurons receive bilateral vestibular inputs (Fig. 15B) and contralateral vestibular input is considered to be mediated via commissural neurons (CNs) in the spinal cord (see also Fig. 1B, right) (Aoyama et al., 1971; Hongo et al., 1975). CNs in lamina VIII in the lumbar cord were well analyzed as to their targets, locations and peripheral somatosensory inputs (Harrison et al., 1986; Jankowska and Noga, 1990), but CNs in the cervical cord have not been well understood.

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Present address: Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Faculty of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.

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