Elsevier

Brain Research

Volume 122, Issue 3, 25 February 1977, Pages 545-550
Brain Research

Conduction times and background discharge of vestibular afferents

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    In amniotes the central/striolar afferents were shown to have irregular spiking, whereas the spacing between the spikes in extrastriolar/peripheral afferents tends to be more regular (Baird et al., 1988; Goldberg, 2000; Goldberg et al., 1990), however; the spike timing of fibers was shown to form a continuum rather than representing two separate classes of fibers and the classification into irregular versus regular fibers was adapted for convenience (see e.g. Goldberg and Fernandez, 1971; Baird et al., 1988; Goldberg, 2000; see also Paulin and Hoffman, 2019). The afferents with more irregular spiking typically have larger diameters and faster conduction velocities compared to their more regularly discharging counterparts (Goldberg and Fernández, 1977), and their response dynamics is typically more adapting, which makes them more receptive to motion transients (Goldberg, 2000; Hullar et al., 2005; Lasker et al., 2008). In other words, information is temporally coded in the afferents that fire more irregularly and rate coded in the afferents that have more regular spiking (Curthoys et al., 2017; Sadeghi et al., 2007), which has led to the idea of the transient and sustained vestibular system that respond to transient motions and sustained head tilts and gravity, respectively (Curthoys et al., 2017).

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    Between trials (after the chair was turned back to vertical), the HMD was removed and a period of rest in full ambient light for at least 1 min was consistently provided before the next condition was started. This rest period was used to suppress post-rotational effects due to semicircular canal stimulation (Benson, 1990; Goldberg & Fernández, 1977) and to limit possible fatigue. The subsequent body and/or visual scene tilt condition began only when subjects did not feel tilted anymore (‘0’ score on the confidence levels for self-tilt perception).

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    This was followed by 15 s of rest. This specific duration was chosen as a compromise between the weakest vestibular resting discharge allowing to consider post-rotational effects as negligible and limited somatosensory adaptation due to the subsequent period of static tilt (Benson, 1990; Goldberg & Fernandez, 1977). Stationary subjects were then asked to open their eyes and to gaze at the horizontal line which appeared on the screen during 4 s.

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