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2020, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :For instance, IGF-I has anabolic properties in skeletal muscle and neurotrophic effects in the central nervous system. Brain levels of IGF-I are elevated during development and reach pick levels in fetal and neonatal brain, to then decrease in adulthood (Garcia-Segura et al., 1991). Nonetheless, some brain regions associated with higher renewal or remodeling maintain certain levels of IGF-I. On the other hand, IGF-IR are widely expressed in the brain and show more stable levels of expression from development to adulthood.
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2014, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Neurons synthesize IGF-1 under physiological conditions, while astrocytes produce it after local injury (Jafferali et al., 2000; Moloney et al., 2010; Salehi et al., 2008; Torres-Aleman, 2010), which may represent an active defense mechanism in degenerating parts of the brain. IGF-1R and IR densities decrease with age both in humans and rodents (Adamo et al., 1989; Daftary and Gore, 2005; Garcia-Segura et al., 1991; Jafferali et al., 2000; Rotwein et al., 1988). Controversy remains regarding the source of brain insulin.
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