Parvalbumin and calbindin D-28K in the human entorhinal cortex. An immunohistochemical study

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91157-A

Brain Research

Volume 589, Issue 1, 28 August 1992, Pages 24-32

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(92)91157-A Get rights and content

Abstract

Research is here reported on the distribution of immunoreactivities of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin D-28K in the entorhinal cortex of normal human brains. Topographically, parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons were only seen in the lateral portion of the rostral entorhinal cortex, in continuity with the adjacent perirhinal cortex. The intermediate and caudal portions gave positive results along the mediolateral extension of the entorhinal cortex. The laminar distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons was similar throughout the entorhinal cortex. Heavy immunostaining, largely coincident with cell islands, was observed in cells and fibers in layer II, being densest in the deep half of layer III and more sparsely distributed in layers V and VI. Calbindin D-28K immunoreactivity was found throughout the entorhinal cortex. In contrast to parvalbumin immunoreactivity, calbindin D-28K was present from layer I up to upper layer III, the neurons being most numerous in the cell islands of layer II. These results show that rostmedial portions of the human entorhinal cortex contain calbindin immunoreactivity, but not parvalbumin, while the lateral, intermediate and caudal portions of the entorhinal cortex contain both calcium-binding proteins. As it is known that these two proteins belong to a subset of GABAergic neurons, we suggest that a topographical diversity in some of the cells may be responsible for inhibitory effects in the human entorhinal cortex. This proposed diversity might be relevant to the processing of information that the entorhinal cortex conveys to the dentate gyrus and receives from various components of the hippocampus, the subicular complex and other cortical and subcortical sources.

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Citation Excerpt :
Each subdivision and layer was systematically scanned through the full x-, y-, and z-axis with a 40× objective in order to determine the location of each PVB-IR neuron with respect to these subdivisions and layers. PVB-immunostained and adjacent Nissl-stained sections were used to identify ECx subdivisions according to specific cytoarchitectonic criteria and nomenclature described by Insausti et al (1995; Mikkonen et al 1997; Tunon et al 1992) (Figure 1). Within these subdivisions, six cortical layers were identified, with a 4× objective, on the basis of the distribution of PVB immunoreactivity (Mikkonen et al 1997) and confirmed on adjacent Nissl-stained sections according to the criteria of Insausti et al (1995) (Figures 1 and 2).
Growing evidence indicates that the entorhinal cortex (ECx) might be affected in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). To test whether distinct interneuronal subpopulations might be altered, numbers of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PVB-IR) neurons were measured in the ECx of BD and SZ subjects. These neurons play a pivotal role within ECx intrinsic circuits.
Numbers, numerical density, and soma size of PVB-IR neurons were measured in the ECx of normal control (n = 16), BD (n = 10), and SZ (n = 10) subjects. The volume of the ECx was measured in Nissl-stained sections.
In BD, decreases of total numbers (p = .02) and numerical densities (p = .01) of PVB-IR neurons were detected in the ECx. Within distinct subregions, reductions were detected in the superficial layers of the lateral (p = .02), intermediate (p = .04), and caudal (p = .01) ECx. In SZ, total numbers and numerical densities were not altered. A reduction of soma size was present in the intermediate ECx (p = .01). Volume was unaffected in either disorder.
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The entorhinal cortex is an essential component in the organization of the human hippocampal formation related to cortical activity. It transfers, neocortical information (ultimately distributed to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and receives most of the hippocampal output directed to neocortex. At birth, the human entorhinal cortex presents similar layer organization as in adults, although layer II (cell islands) and upper layer III have a protracted maturation. The presence of interneurons expressing calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin–D28K (calbindin) and calretinin) is well documented in the adult human entorhinal cortex. In many of them the calcium binding is co-localized with GABA. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells and fibers were virtually absent at birth, their presence increasing gradually in deep layer III, mostly in the lateral and caudal portions of the entorhinal cortex from the 5th month onwards. Calbindin immunoreactive cells and fibers were present at birth, mainly in layers II and upper III; mostly at rostral and lateral portions of the entorhinal cortex, increasing in number and extending to deep layers from the 5th month onwards. Calretinin immunoreactivity was present at birth, homogeneously distributed over layers I, II and upper V, throughout the entorhinal cortex. A substantial increase in the number of calretinin neurons in layer V was observed at the 5th month. The postnatal development of parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin may have an important role in the functional maturation of the entorhinal cortex through the control of hippocampal, cortical and subcortical information.

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Research reportParvalbumin and calbindin D-28K in the human entorhinal cortex. An immunohistochemical study

Abstract

J. Neurosci. Methods.

Neuroscience

Brain Res.

Neuroscience

Neurosci. Lett.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Research

Neurscience

The commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation

J. Comp. Neurol.

The entorhinal cortex of the monkey. I. Cytoarchitectonic organization

J. Comp. Neurol.

The perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices and medial temporal lobe memory function

Distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the visual cortex of the Old World monkeys and humans

J. Comp. Neurol.

On areas of transition between entorhinal allocortex and temporal isocortex in the human brain. Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in Alzheimer's disease

Acta Neuropathol.

Parvalbumin immunoreactive structures in the hippocampus of the human adult

Cell Tiss. Res.

Parvalbumin in most of gamma aminobutyric acid containing neurons of the rat cerebral cortex

Science

Distribution of neurons and axons immunoreactive with antisera neuropeptide Y in the normal human hippocampus

J. Comp. Neurol.

Visualization of chandelier cell axons by parvalbumin immunoreactivity in monkey cerebral cortex

Heterogeneity of GABAergic cells in cat visual cortex

J. Neurosci.

Calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides as molecular markers of GABAergic interneurons in the cat visual cortex

Exp. Brain Res.

Distribution of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in the human hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus

J. Comp. Neurol.

Research report
Parvalbumin and calbindin D-28K in the human entorhinal cortex. An immunohistochemical study