Dipole source analysis suggests selective modulation of the supplementary motor area contribution to the readiness potential

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(96)95643-6

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

Volume 98, Issue 6, June 1996, Pages 468-477

https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(96)95643-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

The readiness potential preceding voluntary movement is modulated by the mode of movement selection, i.e. it has a higher amplitude preceding freely selected than before prescribed movements (Praamstra, P., Stegeman, D.F., Horstink, M.W.I.M., Brunia, C.H.M. and Cools, A.R. Movement-related potentials preceding voluntary movement are modulated by the mode of movement selection. Exp. Brain Res., 1995, 103: 429–439). One cortical area that is likely to be involved in this modulation is the supplementary motor area (SMA). Recent attempts to elucidate the neural generators of the readiness potential using spatiotemporal dipole source analysis, however, failed to establish a significant SMA contribution to the readiness potential. This might be explained by a failure of the proposed analyses to discriminate between SMA and motor cortex contributions to the readiness potential. We applied a dipole source analysis approach that better separates these overlapping source activities. The resulting source model includes an SMA source generating premovement activity consistent with evidence from intracranial recordings in humans. The SMA source accounts almost completely for the modulation of the readiness potential by different modes of movement selection. On the basis of these results, the relation between scalp-recorded movement-related activity, intracranially recorded potentials, and findings from functional imaging studies of voluntary movement, appears more transparent than suggested by previous dipole source analyses of premovement potentials.

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Main articleDipole source analysis suggests selective modulation of the supplementary motor area contribution to the readiness potential

Abstract

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Brain Res.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

Int. J. Psychophysiol.

Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol.

BESA 2.0. Brain Electromagnetic Source Analysis

Functional cooperativity of human cortical motor areas during self-paced simple finger movements. A high-resolution MRI study

Brain

Neuromagnetic fields accompanying unilateral finger movements: pre-movement and movement-evoked fields

Exp. Brain Res.

Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects

J. Neurophysiol.

Modern mind-brain reading: psychophysiology, physiology, and cognition

Psychophysiology

Improved localization of cortical activity by combining EEG and MEG with MRI cortical surface reconstruction: a linear approach

J. Cogn. Neurosci.

Bereitschaftspotential as an indicator of movement preparation in supplementary motor area and motor cortex

Cortical areas and the selection of movement: a study with positron emission tomography

Exp. Brain Res.

The Bereitschaftspotential is abnormal in Parkinson's disease

Brain

Source localization of brain electrical activity

Main article
Dipole source analysis suggests selective modulation of the supplementary motor area contribution to the readiness potential