The topographical distribution of rods and cones in the adult chicken retina
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The retinal basis of vision in chicken
2020, Seminars in Cell and Developmental BiologyThe chick eye in vision research: An excellent model for the study of ocular disease
2017, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :Both chicken and human retinas are cone-rich, highlighting the importance of color vision in both species. In chickens this is manifested in a 3:2 cone to rod ratio overall (Meyer and May 1973), while the human retina exhibits a 1:20 ratio of cones to rods (Curcio et al., 1990). Cone density varies within both chicken and human retinas.
Mechanisms of Photoreceptor Patterning in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
2016, Trends in GeneticsCitation Excerpt :The four single cone types in the chicken retina are sensitive to red, green, blue, and violet wavelengths of light (expressing LWS, Rh2, SWS2, and SWS1 opsins respectively) (Figure 1C2) [40,41]. These cone types have been identified chiefly by differently colored oil droplets located between the inner and outer segments, which may act as a filter for specific wavelengths of light, as well as focusing photons onto the outer segment [42–45] (Figure 1C2). Two morphologically different sets of double cones in chickens are sensitive to long wavelengths of light [46].
Effect of light intensity on broiler behaviour and diurnal rhythms
2012, Applied Animal Behaviour ScienceCitation Excerpt :Preference for bright light by poultry species is compatible with the bird's eye structure. The retina of the avian eye contains extensive single and double cones, responsible for vision during bright light conditions (Meyer and May, 1973). The presence of four different types of retinal cones containing specific oil droplets is responsible for extending the spectral sensitivity to the ultra violet-A (UV-A) portion of the spectrum (Govardovskii and Zueva, 1977; Hart et al., 1999).
Behavioural assessment of flicker fusion frequency in chicken Gallus gallus domesticus
2011, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :The wild ancestor of the domestic chicken, the red jungle fowl, is a diurnal and crepuscular, ground-dwelling bird in tropical and sub-tropical forest in south-east Asia (Collias & Collias, 1967), where the photic environment is dominated by a green canopy of vegetation with varying patches of shade light (Bowmaker & Knowles, 1977). Chickens also have a greater proportion of rods in their retinas compared to some other birds (Meyer, 1977; Meyer & May, 1973), so it may be expected that CFF will be relatively low in this species compared to faster-flying birds that are active in bright light conditions (Evans, Cuthill, & Bennett, 2006). Comparisons of CFF in relation to rod: cone ratios between different avian species or ecotypes are difficult because data on both CFF and retinal organization in birds is so sparse.