Extracellular potassium activity during epileptogenesis
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2021, NeuroImageGlia-mediated modulation of extracellular potassium concentration determines the sexually dimorphic output frequency of a model brainstem oscillator
2019, Journal of Theoretical BiologyCitation Excerpt :Although the simulations conducted as part of the present study clearly support the notion of an astrocytic syncytium-mediated regulation, via [K+]o, of the oscillatory activity of the pacemaker nucleus, and thus provide a plausible model for the development of the sexually dimorphic EOD, its validity is contingent upon the changes in [K+]o that can be accommodated in the pacemaker nucleus. While the intracellular concentration of K+ of the pacemaker and relay cells, as well as the extracellular concentration of this ion species, in the pacemaker nucleus are unknown, studies employing various methods to determine potassium concentrations suggest that [K+]o is, with 1.7–3.6 mM (Nilsson et al., 1993; Rice and Nicholson, 1988), rather constant across different fish species, and similar to the resting potassium concentration in the extracellular fluid of the mammalian brain, which has been reported to be approximately 3 mM (Lux and Neher, 1973; Moody et al., 1974; Prince et al., 1973). Assuming that the intracellular concentration of potassium in the pacemaker and relay cells is similar to the typical concentration found in mammalian neurons, approximately 140 mM (Lodish et al., 2000), in the model pacemaker neural network a lowering of [K+]o from 4.2 mM to 1.0 mM results in a decrease of the oscillation frequency from 526 Hz to 442 Hz, and is thus of similar relative magnitude as the difference between the mean male and female EOD frequencies in adult fish (880 Hz vs. 740 Hz, respectively).
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These experiments were supported in part by USPHS Grant NS 06477 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (David A. Prince); an NSF predoctoral fellowship (William J. Moody, Jr.); and a research grant from the Epilepsy Foundation of America (David A. Prince). We gratefully acknowledge the secretarial assistance of Ms. Pamela Vario.