Isolation of a third chromatic mechanism in the deuteranomalous observer

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(73)90181-8

Vision Research

Volume 13, Issue 11, November 1973, Pages 2049-2058

https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(73)90181-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

The increment threshold spectral sensitivity of normal and deuteranomalous trichromats was measured. Under achromatic adaptation the normal trichromats showed evidence of three receptor mechanisms, the deuteranomalous trichromats only two. The thresholds of deuteranomalous observers who had been adapted to a combination of violet and red light showed these subjects to have a receptor system whose sensitivity curve was similar to chlorolabe, but with a sensitivity peak at 560 nm.

Résumé

La sensibilitéspectrale au seuil différentiel est mesurée pour des trichromates normaux et deutéranomaux. Par adaptation achromatique les trichromates normaux mettent enévidence trois mécanismes récepteurs, les trichromates deutéranomaux deux seulement. Les seuils des deutéranomaux adaptésàune combinaison de lumières violette et rouge révèlent chez ces sujets un système récepteur dont la courbe de sensibilitéest analogue au chlorolabe, mais avec un maximum de sensibilitévers 560 nm.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurde die Unterschiedsschwelle für normale und deuteranomale Trichomaten gemessen. Die normalen Trichomaten weisen bei achromatischer Adaptation auf einen Drei-Rezeptor-Mechanismus hin, die deuteranomalen Trichomaten auf ein einen mit nur zwei Rezeptoren. Die Schwelle für deuteranomale Beobachter, die auf eine Mischung von violettem und rotem Licht adaptiert wurde, zeigt, dass diese Beobachter ein Rezeptor-system haben, dessen Empfindlichkeitskurve der von Chlorolabe entspricht, jedoch mit einer maximalen Empfindlichkeit bdi 560 nm.

Peзюme

Были измepeны инкpeмeнтныe пopoги cпeктpaльнoй хyвcтвитeльнocти нopмaльнoгo тpихpoмaтa и дeйтepaнoмaлa. B ycлoвиях aхpoмaтихecкoй aдaптaции, нopмaльный тpихpoмaт oбнapyживaл cyшecтвoвaниe тpeх peцeптopных мeхaнизмoв, a дeйтepaнoмaл тoлькo двyх. Пopoги нaблюдaтeлeй-дeйтepaнoмaлoв, aдaптиpoвaнных к кoмбинaции фиoлeтoвoгo и кpacнoгo cвeтa, yкaзывaют нa тo, хтo эти лицa нмeют peцeптopнyю cиcтeмy, кpивaя хyвcтвитeльнocти кoтopoй cхoднa c тaкoвoй для хлopoлaбa, нo c мaкcимyмoм нa 560 нм.

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The visual photopigments of simple deuteranomalous trichromats inferred from color matching
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Deuteranomalous trichromacy is the most common form of inherited color-vision deficiency. A modern description of its cause is a single abnormality: the normal middle-wave cone photopigment (M) is replaced by a shifted middle-wave pigment (M′) that is shared by all deuteranomalous trichromats. This explanation, however, fails to account for the individual differences in color vision observed even within the sub-group of deuteranomals with good chromatic discrimination. An ensemble of color matches is used here to test whether these individual differences reflect differences in the wavelength of peak sensitivity (λ_max) of individual deuteranomals' cone photopigments. The results show variation in both the λ_max and the effective optical density of their cone pigments. The individual differences found in λ_max are in accord with recent molecular biological research that shows individual differences in the genes thought to encode deuteranomalous photopigments. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Color vision following intense green light exposure: Data and a model
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Chromatic opponent-response functions of anomalous trichromats
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Chromatic valence functions for the red-green and blue-yellow opponent-response systems of normal and anomalous trichromats were measured psychophysically using the Jameson and Hurvich hue cancellation technique. Four protanomalous and two deuteranomalous observers with varying degrees of color discrimination loss, and two color-normal observers, served in the experiment.
The color-normal data were in good agreement with the results reported by Jameson and Hurvich. Protanomalous and deuteranomalous observers differed with respect to the relative strengths of the two chromatic opponent systems: decreased red-green strength was correlated with poorer color discrimination. Theoretical fits to the opponent-response data were calculated by assuming linear combinations of cone inputs for both chromatic systems and different sets of photopigments for the three classes of observer.
Detection of quantum flux modulation by single photopigments in human observers
1976, Vision Research
The action spectra of single cone photopigments of trichromatic human observers were measured by a modification of the exchange threshold technique. The quantum flux of two superimposed 2° fields, 540 and 640 nm. was adjusted to the inverse ratio of the sensitivity of either chlorolabe or erythrolabe at these wavelengths, so that one of the photopigments made a constant quantum catch. The 540 and 640 nm lights were flickered sinusoidally in counterphase above the flicker fusion frequency of the blue cones so that when the quantum fluxes were equated for chlorolabe. only erythrolabe could detect the alternation, and vice versa. This flickering field was superimposed upon a 12° background which was variable in both quantum flux and wavelength. At any wavelength between 410 and 690 nm the log of the reciprocal of the number of quanta required to extinguish the flicker of the540/640 field described the log sensitivity at that wavelength of the only photopigment capable of detecting the flicker. The log sensitivity curves thus obtained were consistent with other measures of the cone photopigments of dichromatic and trichromatic human observers.
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- (1) an irreversible loss of sensitivity in only the violet and blue regions following exposure to narrow-band 463-nm light;
- (2) a change in sensitivity to the green through red region of the spectrum following exposure to longer wavelength light which in different animals began to recover after 1–6 days and was fully recovered by the 18th to 40th day. The effect of blue light exposure was fully accounted for by loss of response of the blue-sensitive, and of longer wavelength exposure by loss of response of the green-sensitive chromatic mechanism, because in each case the resultant functions could be modeled by omitting the one or the other.
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: This research was supported by The National Institutes of Health Grant EY00381-06.

²: Present address: The Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 U.S.A.

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Isolation of a third chromatic mechanism in the deuteranomalous observer

Abstract

Résumé

Zusammenfassung

Peзюme

Vision Res.

Vision Res.

Vision Res.

Vision Res.

Colour blindness and the trichromatic theory of colour vision, Part II: Incomplete red and green blindness

A case of abnormal trichromatic colour vision due to a shift in the spectrum of the green-sensation curve

The luminosity curve of the deuteranomalous fovea

J. gen. Physiol.

Transmission of the ocular media

Invest. Ophthal.