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2015, Neuroscience ResearchCitation Excerpt :Humans are the only marginal exception to this rule, where roughly 8% of males have a mutation of one of these genes and are thus dichromats (Sharpe et al., 1999). However, in New World monkeys, only a single opsin gene locus exists on the X chromosome, but there are multiple alleles in the population with varying wavelength sensitivity in the L and M range (Jacobs et al., 1993). As a result a female, having two X chromsomes, can by chance inherit X chromosome alleles that are sensitive to different wavelengths.
The genetics of normal and defective color vision
2011, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :The significant lag in the appearance of LM vs. S opsin protein and mRNA during development suggests that differentiation of S cones is independently controlled from LM cones; however, because these methods do not distinguish between L and M cones, they shed no light on whether L and M cones are independently controlled. Insight into the mechanism of differentiation of L vs. M cones has come from studies of New World primates in which trichromatic color vision evolved through allelic diversity of a single X-chromosome cone opsin gene locus rather than a gene duplication that placed two cone opsin genes on the same X-chromosome (Jacobs, Neitz, & Neitz, 1993). For example, in squirrel monkeys, there are three alleles of the X-chromosome cone opsin gene.
Retinal connectivity and primate vision
2010, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :A comparative aspect relevant to understanding color vision has been provided by New-World primates. In most New-World monkey species, the males are “red–green color blind” dichromats whereas most of the females show trichromatic color vision similar to that of most humans or to human anomalous trichromats (Jacobs, 2008; Jacobs et al., 1993b). New-World monkeys are thus an interesting model for testing the functional consequences of changes in the input stage of the visual process, that is, changes in the M and L cone photoreceptor populations.
Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments
2008, Vision ResearchChromatic discrimination in fixed saturation levels from tufted capuchin monkeys with different color vision genotypes
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