Research reportOntogeny of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA signal levels in central dopaminergic neurons: development of a gender difference in the arcuate nuclei
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2022, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :It is likely that the EB effect on Kiss1 expression is mediated by both ERα and ER β, because the neonatal EB treatment failed to suppress Kiss1 expression in ERαKO and ER β KO female mice. Importantly, chronic neonatal EB treatment did not affect the number of cells expressing dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase gene, whose expression level showed sex difference, in the ARC in female rats (Arbogast and Voogt, 1991; Minabe et al., 2017). Further, the neonatal EB treatment caused profound suppression of KNDy genes, namely Kiss1, Tac3 and Pdyn expression, in the ARC at adulthood in female rats (Minabe et al., 2017).
Arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and hypophysial pars tuberalis
2021, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Dopaminergic neurons were discovered in the arcuate nucleus of rats (called the A12 nucleus) more than 50 years ago by use of the classic Falck-Hillarp fluorescence technique (Björklund et al., 1970). The presence of these neurons was later confirmed by immunohistochemical demonstration of the rate-limiting enzyme in the dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) in ARC nerve cell bodies (Van den Pol et al., 1984; Barry et al., 1986) (Fig. 15.7), and by in situ hybridiza-tion (Arbogast and Voogt, 1991). Dopaminergic neurons inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pitui-tary (Plant et al., 1978).
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2012, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Among other effects on dopaminergic neurons, it stimulates the tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Thus, the transfer of prolactin through the milk to the male offspring can lead to a greater dopaminergic tone inhibiting their prolactin (Arbogast and Voogt, 1991). In addition, prolactin seems to have an adipogenic effect since mice deleted for the prolactin receptor have less subcutaneous fat (Flint et al., 2006).
Prolactin, neurogenesis, and maternal behaviors
2012, Brain, Behavior, and ImmunityCitation Excerpt :Dopamine synthesis and release are increased in response to acute or chronic increases in prolactin levels in blood (Moore, 1987), while hypoprolactinemia results in suppression of dopamine secretion (Arbogast and Voogt, 1991). Prolactin stimulates gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, in neuroendocrine dopamine neurons (Arbogast and Voogt, 1991), and also modulates the phosphorylation of TH resulting in increased dopamine synthesis (Ma et al., 2005b). Activation of these neurons by prolactin requires activation of the JAK2/STAT5b signal transduction pathway (Grattan et al., 2001; Ma et al., 2005a) and also involves a range of other signaling pathways (Ma et al., 2005b).
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