The neuropathology of amnesia
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Cited by (73)
The contribution of mamillary body damage to Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome
2021, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Subsequently, many authors demonstrated that severe damage to the MB can be found in alcoholics without severe memory problems (Charness and DeLaPaz, 1987; Davila et al., 1994; Shear et al., 1996; Estruch et al., 1998). Victor et al. (1971, 1989) were certainly correct in dismissing the hypothesis that the MB are the critical lesion site for the memory disorder of KS, but the conclusion that MB lesions are “irrelevant” was unjustified and too strong, because not in agreement with converging evidence from other pathologies in humans and with the results of animal experiments (Markowitsch and Pritzel, 1985; Markowitsch, 1988). In a review of the results of animal experiments, Sziklas and Petrides (1998) presented a more balanced view.
Alcohol-related amnesia and dementia: Animal models have revealed the contributions of different etiological factors on neuropathology, neurochemical dysfunction and cognitive impairment
2011, Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, there is little indication of gross hippocampal damage (Langlais, Mandel, & Mair, 1992) despite evidence of functional impairment (Savage, Chang, & Gold, 2003; Vetreno, Anzalone, & Savage, 2008). This has led to the hypothesis that learning and memory impairments in PTD model is a product of a disconnect between the diencephalon and the extended hippocampal system (see Markowitsch & Pritzel, 1985; Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1982 for a description of the disconnection syndrome theory). Alterations in basal forebrain cholinergic input to the hippocampus is another factor likely contributing to learning and memory impairment in the PTD model.
Impaired, spared, and enhanced ACh efflux across the hippocampus and striatum in diencephalic amnesia is dependent on task demands
2008, Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryCitation Excerpt :The anatomical damage observed in this disorder is predominantly localized to the midline thalamic nuclei, anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the internal medullary lamina (Aggleton & Pearce, 2001; Langlais & Savage, 1995; Langlais, Zhang, & Savage, 1996; Mair, 1994; Troncoso, Johnston, Hess, Griffin, & Price, 1981). Furthermore, there is evidence of degeneration in key limbic system fiber tracts, such as the mammillothalamic tract and fornix (Langlais & Zhang, 1993; Langlais & Zhang, 1997), which may lead to potential downstream impairments in other regions of the brain (Jenkins, Dias, Amin, Brown, & Aggleton, 2002; Markowitsch, 1988; Markowitsch & Pritzel, 1985; Reed et al., 2003; Savage, Chang, & Gold, 2003; Vann & Aggleton, 2003; Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1982). The main features of diencephalic amnesia, including those seen in animal models, are severe anterograde learning impairments (Gold & Squire, 2006; Pires, Pereira, Oliveira-Silva, Franco, & Ribeiro, 2005) and long-lasting memory disturbances (Gold & Squire, 2006; Langlais & Savage, 1995; Mair, 1994; Reed et al., 2003).
Expression of one group of genes maintains one unit of long-term memory in a brain model
2000, Medical HypothesesAttentional processes and learning and memory in rats: The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus compared
2000, Progress in Brain Research