Reactive neurogenesis during regeneration of the lesioned medial cerebral cortex of lizards

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00201-S

Neuroscience

Volume 68, Issue 3, October 1995, Pages 823-836

https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(95)00201-S Get rights and content

Abstract

This study reports that lesion of the adult lizard medial cortex (lizard hipocampal fascia dentata) induces a short period of intensive neurogenesis which we have termed reactive neurogenesis; a cell proliferation event that occurs in the subjacent ependyma. Specific lesion of the medial cortex was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine and proliferating cells were detected using tritiated thymidine or 5-bromodeoxiuridine pulse labelling. After lesion, granule neurons in the lizard medial cortex cell layer appeared pyknotic and died; they were then removed and progressively replaced by a set of new neurons. These neurons were mostly generated from the second to the seventh day post-lesion. A dramatic temporal increment of labelled ependymal cells was detected when either tritiated thymidine or 5-bromodeoxiuridine pulses were delivered in that period. The maximum of about five thousand labelled cells per hemisphere was reached by the fourth day after the lesion. Beyond the seventh day post-lesion, the numbers of labelled cells returned to a level of about four hundred per hemisphere, similar to that of the control specimens. Electron microscopy revealed that the recently generated cells were neuroblasts or immature neurons with a characteristic pattern of chromatin condensation and a high number of ribonucleic granules.

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Lizards represent one of the most remarkable examples of reactive plasticity and regeneration in vertebrates (Font et al., 2001). When challenged with a systemic injection of the toxin 3-acetylpyridine, adult P. hispanica lizards undergo extensive cortical damage, shortly followed by increased neurogenic rates and complete reconstruction of cortical architecture (Font et al., 1991; Lopez-Garcia et al., 2002; López-García et al., 1992; Molowny et al., 1995). There is substantial evidence that the reptilian hippocampus is located within the cortical structures, classically divided into medial, dorsomedial, dorsal and lateral cortices (Ramón-y-Cajal, 1917).
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Reactive neurogenesis during regeneration of the lesioned medial cerebral cortex of lizards

Abstract

Neuron

Devl Brain Res.

Neurosci. Res.

Brain Res.

J. ultrastruct. Res.

Exp. Neurol.

Devl Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Trends Neurosci.

Trends Neurosci.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Devl Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Neurosci. Lett.

Neurosci. Res.

Neuroscience

Brain Res.

Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats

J. comp. Neurol.

High vocal center growth and its relation to neurogenesis, neuronal replacement and song acquisition in juvenile canaries

J. Neurobiol.

Development of the hippocampal region in the rat—I. Neurogenesis examined with3H-thymidine autoradiography

J. comp. Neurol.

Timetables of neurogenesis in the human brain on experimentally determined patterns in the rat

Neurotoxicology

Microglia in the cerebral cortex of Lacerta. A combined Golgi-electron microscopic study

Morf. Norm. Patol.

Relation of spinal cord regeneration to age in adult goldfish

Expl Neurol.

Narine occlusion decreases basal levels of Fos protein in the cerebral cortex of the lizard Podarcis hispanica

Neuroscience

Identification and distribution of microglial cells in the cerebral cortex of the lizard: a histochemical study

J. comp. Neurol.

Ultrastructural radioautographic analysis of neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of the adult frog, Rana temporaria, with special reference to physiological regeneration of the preoptic nucleus—I. Ventricular zone cell proliferation

Cell Tiss. Res.

Changes of lymphoid homeostasis and inhibition of liver regeneration provoked by sandostatin in mice

Period. Biol.

Neurobehavioral effects of 3-acetylpyridine in the lizard Podarcis hispanica

Eur. J. Neurosci.

A Golgi and electron microscopic study of the ependymal cells of the cerebral cortex of the lizard Lacerta galloti

Trab. Inst. Cajal. Inv. Biol.

Ultrastructure of neuronal cell bodies in the medial cortex of Lacerta galloti

J. Hirnforsch.

Ultrastructure of putative migrating cells in the cerebral cortex of Lacerta galloti

J. Morph.

Development of the hippocampal region in the rat—I. Neurogenesis examined with³H-thymidine autoradiography