Intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation of motor circuits

https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(95)80109-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Neuromodulation of motor circuits by extrinsic inputs provides enormous flexibility in the production of behavior. Recent work has shown that neurons intrinsic to central pattern-generating circuits can evoke neuromodulatory effects in addition to their neurotransmitting actions. Modulatory neurons often elicit a multitude of different effects attributable to actions at different receptors and/or through the release of co-transmitters. Differences in neuromodulation between species can account for differences in behavior. Modulation of neuromodulation may provide an additional level of flexibility to motor circuits.

References (83)

  • J Heierhorst et al.

    Autophosphorylation of molluscan twitchin and interaction of its kinase domain with calcium/calmodulin

    J Biol Chem

    (1994)
  • PS Katz

    Neuromodulation and motor pattern generation in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system

  • P Skiebe et al.

    Allatostatin peptides in the crab stomatogastric nervous system: inhibition of the pyloric motor pattern and distribution of allatostatin-like immunoreactivity

    J Exp Biol

    (1994)
  • DM Blitz et al.

    Distribution and effects of tachykinin-like peptides in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab, Cancer borealis

    J Comp Neurol

    (1995)
  • P Cardi et al.

    A rhythmic modulatory gating system in the stomatogastric nervous system of Homarus gammarus. III. Rhythmic control of the pyloric CPG

    J Neurophysiol

    (1994)
  • PS Katz et al.

    Comparative and evolutionary aspects of the crustacean stomatogastric system

  • RM Harris-Warrick et al.

    Modulation of neural networks for behavior

    Annu Rev Neurosci

    (1991)
  • E Marder

    Modulating membrane properties of neurons: role in information processing

  • PS Katz et al.

    Intrinsic neuromodulation: altering circuits from within

    Trends Neurosci

    (1995)
  • IB Levitan

    Modulation of ion channels in neurons and other cells

    Annu Rev Neurosci

    (1988)
  • LK Kaczmarek et al.
    (1987)
  • DA McCormick et al.

    Neurotransmitter control of neocortical neuronal activity and excitability

    Cereb Cortex

    (1993)
  • LM Jordan et al.

    Control of functional systems in the brainstem and spinal cord

    Curr Opin Neurobiol

    (1992)
  • PS Katz et al.

    Dynamic neuromodulation of synaptic strength intrinsic to a central pattern generator circuit

    Nature

    (1994)
  • AD McClellan et al.

    Modulation of swimming in Tritonia: excitatory and inhibitory effects of serotonin

    J Comp Physiol [A]

    (1994)
  • PS Katz et al.

    Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: the serotonergic dorsal swim interneurons act presynaptically to enhance transmitter release from interneuron C2

    J Neurosci

    (1995)
  • PA Getting

    Neuronal organization of escape swimming in Tritonia

    J Comp Physiol [A]

    (1977)
  • PS Katz et al.

    Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: serotonin mediates both neuromodulation and neurotransmission by the dorsal swim interneurons

    J Neurophysiol

    (1995)
  • NI Syed et al.

    Respiratory behavior in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. II. Neural elements of the central pattern generator (CPG)

    J Comp Physiol [A]

    (1991)
  • S Barnes et al.

    Modulation of ionic currents by dopamine in an interneurone of the respiratory central pattern generator of Lymnaea stagnalis

    J Exp Biol

    (1994)
  • N Santama et al.

    Neural network controlling feeding in Lymnaea stagnalis: immunocytochemical localization of myomodulin, small cardioactive peptide, buccalin, and FMRFamide-related peptides

    J Comp Neurol

    (1994)
  • BA Trimmer

    Characterization of a muscarinic current that regulates excitability of an identified insect motoneuron

    J Neurophysiol

    (1994)
  • S Grillner et al.

    Neural networks that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey

    Trends Neurosci

    (1995)
  • P Krieger et al.

    Effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation on the cellular and network level in the lamprey spinal cord

    Neuroreport

    (1994)
  • EM Schuman et al.

    Nitric oxide and synaptic function

    Annu Rev Neurosci

    (1994)
  • TM Dawson et al.

    Gases as biological messengers: nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the brain

    J Neurosci

    (1994)
  • O Kjaerulff et al.

    Sulphorhodamine-labelled cells in the neonatal rat spinal cord following chemically induced locomotor activity in vitro

    J Physiol (Lond)

    (1994)
  • R Wetts et al.

    Choline acetyltransferase and NADPH diaphorase are co-expressed in rat spinal cord neurons

    Neuroscience

    (1994)
  • NJ Dun et al.

    Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the rat, mouse, cat, and squirrel monkey spinal cord

    Neuroscience

    (1993)
  • MA Vizzard et al.

    Differential localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the cat spinal cord

    Cell Tissue Res

    (1994)
  • A Schober et al.

    NADPH-diaphorase in the central nervous system of the larval lamprey (Lampetra planeri)

    J Comp Neurol

    (1994)

    • Cited by (0)

    View full text
    Copyright © 1995 Published by Elsevier Ltd.