Chapter 15 Cortical plasticity revealed by circumscribed retinal lesions or artificial scotomas
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Cited by (42)
Predictive masking of an artificial scotoma is associated with a system-wide reconfiguration of neural populations in the human visual cortex
2021, NeuroImageCitation Excerpt :PM is a highly heterogeneous phenomenon, which can be instantaneous, i.e. blind spot, or requiring a prolonged fixation before it occurs, i.e. artificial scotoma (AS) (Weil and Rees, 2011). Despite this temporal mismatch required to stabilize an AS on the retina, an AS overlaid on a dynamic noise pattern is used as an useful model that mimics the short-term effects of natural scotomas (Dreher et al., 2001; Kapadia et al., 1994; Parks and Corballis, 2012; Ramachandran et al., 1993). Long term PM, which may share similar underlying mechanisms as short-term PM, lies at the basis of the masking of retinal lesions, which often leaves patients unaware of their partial loss of vision.
Adaptation Disrupts Motion Integration in the Primate Dorsal Stream
2014, NeuronCitation Excerpt :Visual circuitry undergoes striking changes if normal experience is perturbed during development (Hensch 2005). In adulthood, circuitry is altered by repeated exposures to a stimulus (e.g., perceptual learning; Fahle and Poggio, 2002), loss of afferent input (e.g., retinal lesions; Dreher et al., 2001), and even the stimulus history of the preceding seconds (adaptation). Adaptation has been shown to affect neuronal responses in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), primary visual cortex (V1), and in higher cortex (including areas V2, MT, V4, and IT cortex; Kohn 2007, Webster 2011).
Nerve injury-induced changes in GABA <inf>A</inf> and GABA <inf>B</inf> sub-unit expression in area 3b and cuneate nucleus of adult squirrel monkeys: Further evidence of developmental recapitulation
2011, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Further experiments investigating the mechanisms that govern adult neural plasticity have shown that a relaxation of the tonic inhibitory circuitry within the deprived cortex most likely accounts for the immediate expression of latent inputs, while NMDA receptor-mediated long-term potentiation-like processes drive the reorganization of receptive fields during the second phase of reorganization (Allard et al., 1991; Garraghty et al., 1989, 1991, 1994, 2006; Garraghty and Kaas, 1991; Garraghty and Muja, 1995, 1996; Garraghty and Sur, 1990; Myers et al., 2000; Recanzone et al., 1992; Schroeder et al., 1997; Xerri et al., 1994). Adult neural plasticity is governed by comparable mechanisms throughout the brain (auditory — Irvine and Rajan, 1996; visual — Dreher et al., 2001; and subcortical somatosensory — Garraghty and Kaas, 1991; Churchill et al., 2001; Wall et al., 2002; Kaas et al., 2008), and heuristic model systems have been essential for its systematic investigation. The models of peripheral nerve injury that we utilize in the non-human primate are of particular utility in that they induce highly consistent patterns of reorganization (or lack thereof) within the cortex (Garraghty et al., 1994).
Estradiol-dependent modulation of auditory processing and selectivity in songbirds
2011, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :The processes by which external stimuli are encoded, represented and interpreted change dynamically in order to emphasize stimuli that are the most behaviorally relevant and minimize responses to those that are not. Which stimuli are behaviorally relevant is in many cases learned, and sensory systems revised accordingly – for example by increasing the neural space devoted to the representation of a stimulus (for reviews, see [29,52,91,160,216]) or the magnitude of the neural response to that stimulus [75,87,181]. Many signals contain information for which the behavioral relevance changes through time.
Vision restoration after brain and retina damage: The "residual vision activation theory"
2011, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :This, in turn, may improve the connectivity of remote neurons via local interactions which are also thought to be involved in receptive field (RF) plasticity after retinal lesions (for discussion see below). When the retina is damaged, visual impairments can recover spontaneously and there is considerable RF reorganization in upstream areas (Dreher et al., 2001; Eysel, 1997; Eysel and Grüsser, 1978; Eysel et al., 1999; Gilbert and Wiesel, 1992; Kaas et al., 1990). RF reorganization is a well-studied field showing how the brain reacts to injury by numerous neurophysiological changes on the molecular, cellular, and network level (see also Huxlin, 2008).