Original articleAlterations in Reward-Related Decision Making in Boys with Recent and Future Depression
Section snippets
Participants
Participants were 221 boys from the Pittsburgh Mother and Child Project (PMCP), an ongoing longitudinal project examining the development of child vulnerability and resilience (Shaw et al 2003). Table 1 contains demographic and symptom characteristics of the sample. The original sample of 310 (representing 74% of 421 who were approached) was recruited when children were 1½ years old from low-income families participating in a government nutrition program. At the first assessment, mean per
Age 11 Reward Choice and Recent Depressive Disorder
To test the hypothesis that recent depression is associated with low reward-seeking behavior, a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted (see Table 2 for effects of interest). As found with adults’ performance on the RCD task (e.g., Rogers et al 2004), main effects for probability and magnitude indicated that participants chose the risky option more frequently than the fixed option during high-probability or high-magnitude conditions. There was a significant probability × depression interaction
Discussion
In a sample of 11-year-old boys from predominantly low-income families, those with depressive disorders exhibited unusual reward-related choices. Specifically, under conditions of high probability of receiving reward, those who had depression failed to choose high-magnitude reward options more often than low-magnitude reward options. This choice pattern was evident in boys with depressive disorders at age 10 or 11, and it also predicted depressive disorders and depressive symptoms at age 12.
In
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