Brief reportInteractions of cognitive reserve with regional brain anatomy and brain function during a working memory task in healthy elders
Section snippets
Participants
Fifteen healthy aged individuals (mean age: 68.3 (SD: 4.46); 11 female; mean MMSE: 28.2 (SD: 1.1)) were included in the sample. None of the subjects reported cognitive complaints and all were clinically and neuropsychologically assessed to exclude dementia as described previously (Rami et al., 2007).
Cognitive reserve measures
Three main proxies reflecting variables commonly used in the CR literature including educational/ocupational attainments, premorbid IQ and records of leisure, social and cognitively stimulating
Results
We found positive correlations between the CR composite score and regional brain volumes in the right superior and the left medial frontal gyri, as well as in the left inferior parietal lobule. No negative correlations were observed. Correlations between CR and fMRI signal evidenced a negative association (no positive associations were observed) in the right inferior frontal region (see Fig. 1 and Table 1).
As regards the interaction analyses of passive and active components of CR, the negative
Discussion
Present findings offer further evidence regarding the interactions between functional and structural brain correlates of CR in normal elders. As in our previous report (Solé-Padullés et al., 2007), we observed positive correlations between CR and brain volumes (passive CR model). A novelty of the present study is that we investigated regional cerebral volumes relative to CR variables instead of whole-brain volumes (i.e. Coffey et al., 1999, Solé-Padullés et al., 2007). In our sample, higher CR
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by a Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia research project award (SAF2007-66270) to Dr. David Bartrés-Faz and fundings from the Generalitat de Catalunya to the Neuropsychology Research Group (2005SGR00855) and from a Pfizer-eisai research grant.
References (24)
- et al.
Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology
Archives of General Psychiatry
(2005) Memory and executive function in aging and AD: multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate
Neuron
(2004)- et al.
Biological parametric mapping: a statistical toolbox for multimodality brain image analysis
Neuroimage
(2007) - et al.
Relation of education to brain size in normal aging: implications for the reserve hypothesis
Neurology
(1999) - et al.
Distributed brain sites for the g-factor intelligence
Neuroimage
(2006) - et al.
Total intracranial volume: normative values and lack of association with Alzheimer's disease
Neurology
(2002) - et al.
A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains
Neuroimage
(2001) Cognitive reserve in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease: evidence for compensatory reorganization of brain networks
- et al.
Relation of cognitive reserve and task performance to expression of regional covariance networks in an event-related fMRI study of nonverbal memory
Neuroimage
(2003) - et al.
Structural brain variation and general intelligence
Neuroimage
(2004)
Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques
Annals of Neurology
Head circumference, education and risk of dementia: findings from the nun study
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Cited by (81)
More flexible brain activation underlies cognitive reserve in older adults
2022, Neurobiology of AgingCitation Excerpt :The interpretation that lower activation of the left superior medial frontal gyrus (BA8) reflects greater neural efficiency may be supported by the fact that it took place during the low-demand condition, where performance is high in both groups. Note that prior results have also reported that higher scores on a composite reserve factor are associated with lower activation in the left prefrontal region during an n-back task (Bartres-Faz et al., 2009). However, BA8 was not found to moderate the relationship between age and performance.
Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematice review of current evidence
2022, Ageing Research ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The first model, residual model, examines the associations between lifestyle factors and CR residuals (Anatürk et al., 2021; Negash et al., 2013; Reed et al., 2011; Yao et al., 2020). The second model, moderation model, tests whether lifestyle factors moderate the association between brain status and cognition with the expectation that the negative effect of the brain pathology or insult on cognitive impairment is smaller among those with healthier lifestyle behaviors under examination compare to those with unhealthier lifestyle behaviors (Amato et al., 2013; Bartrés-Faz et al., 2009; Buchman et al., 2019; Casaletto et al., 2020a,b; Chan et al., 2018; Chirles et al., 2017; Nunnari et al., 2016; Rouillard et al., 2017; Snitz et al., 2020; Sumowski et al., 2013). The last model, controlling model, examines the association between lifestyle factors and cognition while holding brain status constant (Borroni et al., 2009; Harris et al., 2015; Scarmeas et al., 2003; Sumowski et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2020, 2019), with the expectation of healthy lifestyle factors being associated with better cognition when there is a similar level of brain pathology or insult, thus directly fitting the concept of CR theory.
Neural correlates of resilience to the effects of hippocampal atrophy on memory
2021, NeuroImage: Clinical