Elsevier

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Volume 95, December 2018, Pages 528-534
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Review article
Emotional control, reappraised

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.003Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • Emotional control requires dynamic switching between alternative control strategies.

  • Dynamic switching involves monitoring of alternative emotional control strategies.

  • The anterior prefrontal cortex monitors alternative emotional control strategies.

  • The anterior prefrontal cortex monitors alternative, high-value emotional actions.

  • This emotional control model has important clinical and evolutionary implications.

Abstract

We are frequently challenged with situations requiring the control of our emotions, often under substantial time-pressure and rapidly changing contextual demands. Coping with those demands requires the ability to flexibly and rapidly switch between different emotional control strategies. However, this ability has been largely neglected by current neurocognitive models on emotional control. Drawing on the decision-making literature, we propose that rapid switching between alternative emotional control strategies requires the concurrent evaluation of unchosen (counterfactual) options. This model explains how an individual can adaptively change emotional control behavior to meet contextual demands and shifting goals. We propose that the neural implementation of this emotional control mechanism relies on the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC/lateral frontal pole), given its known role in monitoring alternative options during cognitive decision-making tasks. We reappraise meta-analytic evidence showing consistent aPFC involvement during emotional control when monitoring of alternative emotional control strategies is required, and when alternative emotional actions have high value. We conclude with emphasizing the clinical and evolutionary implications of this new framework on emotional control.

Keywords

Emotion regulation
Regulatory flexibility
Contextual switching
Anterior prefrontal cortex
Lateral frontal pole
Neocortex evolution
Psychopathology

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