Functional-anatomic correlates of remembering and knowing
Section snippets
Subjects
Twenty five right-handed subjects from the Washington University community participated. Of these, one was excluded from analysis due to excessive movement during imaging (>1 mm within-run movement), two for failure to comply with task instructions, and three for having an insufficient number of know responses for functional imaging analyses (<9). The remaining 20 subjects (seven females) ranged in age from 18 to 32 years (mean 23 years), had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, were native
Behavioral results
Accuracy and response time (RT) data are listed in Table 1. Subjects correctly recognized 62% of the old items studied with pictures (Table 1). Of those correctly recognized old items, 63% were identified as having been remembered and 37% known. Subjects guessed or made no response on 8% of old and 11% of new items, and correctly rejected 59% of the new lures. FA-REM, FA-KNOW, and GUESS trials with no response were not included in subsequent imaging analyses. Two-tailed t tests showed that
Discussion
The primary findings in this experiment were that remembering and knowing both activated a left intraparietal region that associates with the perception or decision that information is old, and remembering additionally activated content-based anterior fusiform regions that associate with processing visual object information. More specifically, items correctly identified as old corresponded with increased activity in left intraparietal cortex at or near BA 40/39, relative to missed old and
Acknowledgements
We thank Larry Jacoby, Kathleen McDermott, Luigi Maccotta, Fran Miezin, Steve Petersen, Jeff Toth, Endel Tulving, and Katerina Velanova for helpful comments, assistance, and advice. Denise Head assisted with data collection. Avi Snyder helped develop post-processing software and Tom Conturo and Erbil Akbudak supplied imaging sequences. David Van Essen provided Caret software. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions. This research was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical
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