Afferent cortical connections of the motor cortical larynx area in the rhesus monkey
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
Three adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), weighing between 3.0 and 6.8 kg, were used. The animals were the same as in the accompanying paper on subcortical connections of the cortical larynx area.
All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the district government Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. The experiments conformed to the National Institutes of Health guidelines on the ethical use of animals. Care was taken to minimize the number of animals
Results
The injection sites of all three animals were more or less round-shaped and were located with their center about 5 mm above the Sylvian fissure between the inferior branch of the arcuate sulcus rostrally and the subcentral dimple posteriorly. There were slight differences in the anterior–posterior extent of the injections. While in the first animal, the injection site reached from A 28.2 to A 23.5, the injection site of the second animal reached from A 28.2 to A 22.8 and that of the third
Motor input
The cortical larynx area receives input from essentially five cortical motor control structures. These are the bordering, non-laryngeal primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior and posterior cingulate motor areas and the ventrolateral premotor cortex. Input from the primary motor cortex comes from its tongue, lip and jaw representation. These regions border the larynx area caudally and caudomedially. Their electrical stimulation induces movements of the respective organs (Huang
Acknowledgment
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, GRK 289.
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Present address: Laryngeal and Speech Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5D38, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.