Elsevier

Neuroscience

Volume 130, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 133-149
Neuroscience

Afferent cortical connections of the motor cortical larynx area in the rhesus monkey

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.031Get rights and content

Abstract

The present study describes the cortical input into the motor cortical larynx area. The retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin was injected into the electrophysiologically identified motor cortical larynx area in three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the surrounding premotor cortex (areas 6V and 6D), primary motor cortex (area 4), primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1 and 2), anterior and posterior secondary somatosensory cortex and the probable homologue of Broca's area (areas 44 and 45); furthermore, labeling was found in the supplementary motor area, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (areas 24 and 23), prefrontal and orbital frontal cortex (areas 8A, 46V, 47/12L, 47/12O, 13), agranular, dysgranular and granular insula as well as in the cortex within the upper bank of the middle third of the superior temporal sulcus (area TPO). The majority of these regions are reciprocally connected with the motor cortical larynx area [Brain Res 949 (2000) 23]. The laryngeal motor cortical input is discussed in relation to the connections of other motor cortical areas and its role in vocal control.

Section snippets

Experimental procedures

Three adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), weighing between 3.0 and 6.8 kg, were used. The animals were the same as in the accompanying paper on subcortical connections of the cortical larynx area.

All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the district government Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. The experiments conformed to the National Institutes of Health guidelines on the ethical use of animals. Care was taken to minimize the number of animals

Results

The injection sites of all three animals were more or less round-shaped and were located with their center about 5 mm above the Sylvian fissure between the inferior branch of the arcuate sulcus rostrally and the subcentral dimple posteriorly. There were slight differences in the anterior–posterior extent of the injections. While in the first animal, the injection site reached from A 28.2 to A 23.5, the injection site of the second animal reached from A 28.2 to A 22.8 and that of the third

Motor input

The cortical larynx area receives input from essentially five cortical motor control structures. These are the bordering, non-laryngeal primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior and posterior cingulate motor areas and the ventrolateral premotor cortex. Input from the primary motor cortex comes from its tongue, lip and jaw representation. These regions border the larynx area caudally and caudomedially. Their electrical stimulation induces movements of the respective organs (Huang

Acknowledgment

Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, GRK 289.

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    1

    Present address: Laryngeal and Speech Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5D38, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

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