Cellular neuroscienceSRY-box containing gene 11 (Sox11) transcription factor is required for neuron survival and neurite growth
Section snippets
Cell culture
The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (ATCC clone number CCL-131, Manassas, VA, USA) (Olmsted et al., 1970) was maintained in Eagle’s minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (MEMS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin in an incubator set at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cells used were passaged no more than three times. For all experiments, cells were plated into 12- or 24-well plates at a concentration of 10,000 and 5000 cells/well, respectively, or plated into two- or four-well
Sox11 is expressed in Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells
Neuro2a cells provide an excellent model system to study transcriptional regulation of neuronal differentiation. They are easily propagated, they can be stimulated to differentiate by addition of 20 μM RA and upon differentiation stop dividing and extend neurites (Shea et al 1985, Sajithlal et al 2002, Munch et al 2003, Noguchi et al 2003). Under culture conditions without RA, Neuro2a cells appear as amoeboid neuroblasts that begin to extend neurites after 1–3 days in culture. To assess if
Discussion
The identification of Sox11 as a developmentally expressed transcription factor that is rapidly elevated in adult neurons following axotomy prompted us to explore how this transcription factor regulates gene expression in injured adult sensory neurons of the DRG. To begin this analysis we used primary cultures of DRG neurons and the neuronal cell line Neuro2a to determine if Sox11 affects cell survival and neurite extension and if so, what transcriptional targets Sox11 might regulate. Using the
Acknowledgments
We thank Beth Knapick for excellent technical assistance, Dr. Carol Troy (Columbia University, NY, USA) for generously sharing her expertise in using the Penetratin peptide for siRNA delivery and Dr. Brian Davis for helpful discussion and advice. This research was supported by grants from the NINDS NS33730 (K.M.A.) and T32NS007433 (M.P.J.).
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2018, Molecular CellCitation Excerpt :The ability of peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons to re-establish functional connections following injury depends on regulatory networks that orchestrate the regeneration program. The protein-coding components of the transcriptional response to injury are relatively well understood (Abe and Cavalli, 2008) and include induction of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs), such as the transcription factors Jun, Atf3, and Sox11 (Jankowski et al., 2006; Raivich et al., 2004; Seijffers et al., 2007; Tsujino et al., 2000). These transcription factors direct production of mRNAs encoding adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal elements, growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, and other molecules involved in regeneration (Patodia and Raivich, 2012).
Increased Expression of Transcription Factor SRY-box-Containing Gene 11 (Sox11) Enhances Neurite Growth by Regulating Neurotrophic Factor Responsiveness
2018, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :However, neurite branching was not statistically changed with GFRα1 knockdown under these conditions (t54 = −1.1, p < 0.3). Recent evidence suggested that manipulation of Sox11 regulates neurite growth and axon regeneration (Jankowski et al., 2009a, 2006; Jing et al., 2015). Here we sought to determine possible mechanisms of how enhanced levels of Sox11 could facilitate neurite growth in sensory neurons.