Trends in Neurosciences
Historical perspectiveReviewActive dendrites: colorful wings of the mysterious butterflies
Section snippets
Background for active dendrites
In 1993, Stuart, Dodt and Sakmann [1] published a landmark paper in which they used a new technique for visualizing neuronal dendrites in living brain slices to record, with whole-cell patch electrodes, action potentials in dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. A year later, Stuart and Sakmann [2] used this technique to make dual recordings from the soma and dendrite of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons and showed unequivocally that action potentials initiated in the axon/soma region
Cataloging properties and functions of active dendrites
The rapid pace of new information about the active properties of dendrites has been largely preceded by the development of new recording and imaging techniques. In addition to methods for direct dendritic recordings mentioned above, the development and use of calcium- and voltage-sensitive indicator dyes and high-speed fluorescence imaging 29, 30, 31 led to a significant advances in our understanding of the active properties of dendrites. More recently, in vivo optical imaging 32, 33, in vivo
Plasticity of active dendrites
What do we mean by plasticity? Plasticity in general means the ability to change or deform and thereby adapt to the environment. In the realm of neuronal plasticity, a neuron or synapse can change its features in response to a stimulus. The changes can take place on a variety of timescales, from the short term (ms) to the very long term (years). The features of a neuron or synapse that can change as a function of its prior history (or be ‘plastic’) are probably limited only by the number of
Concluding remarks
Interest in the functional properties of dendrites and how they participate in synaptic integration, synaptic plasticity, neuronal computations and disease dates back many years, with seminal contributions made by many neuroscientists along the way. It has been and continues to be a major area of research for neuroscience. Many new techniques have been developed for the investigation of dendrites, and these techniques have led to an explosion of new information. From what is currently known, it
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Assessing Local and Branch-specific Activity in Dendrites
2022, NeuroscienceActive Dendrites and Local Field Potentials: Biophysical Mechanisms and Computational Explorations
2022, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Dendritic morphology critically regulates neuronal physiology. Although it was traditionally assumed that dendritic arborization merely provides larger surface area to accommodate more synapses, it is clear that the arborization allows for far more functional specializations than acting as a simple funnel for information through a large number of synaptic inputs (Poirazi and Mel, 2001; Poirazi et al., 2003; London and Hausser, 2005; Johnston and Narayanan, 2008; Narayanan and Johnston, 2012; Poirazi and Papoutsi, 2020). The presence of complex dendritic arborization in conjunction with active-dendritic conductances mediates segregation and compartmentalization of afferent inputs, thereby allowing for location dependence in input processing and filtering, dendritic spike initiation, coincidence detection, and even specialized dendro-dendritic communication in certain synapses (Rall and Shepherd, 1968; Golding and Spruston, 1998; Schiller et al., 2000; Schiller and Schiller, 2001; Gasparini et al., 2004; Polsky et al., 2004; Losonczy and Magee, 2006; Narayanan and Johnston, 2007; Nevian et al., 2007; Losonczy et al., 2008; Narayanan and Johnston, 2008; Larkum et al., 2009; Gidon et al., 2020).
Stable continual learning through structured multiscale plasticity manifolds
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