Abstract
Little is known about the structure and function of membrane domains in the vacuolar apparatus of animal cells. A unique feature of late endosomes, which are part of the pathway that leads to lysosomes, is that they contain a complex system of poorly characterized internal membranes in their lumen. These endosomes are therefore known as multivesicular or multilamellar organelles1,2. Some proteins distribute preferentially within these internal membranes, whereas others are exclusively localized to the organelle's limiting membrane3. The composition and function of this membrane system are poorly understood. Here we show that these internal membranes contain large amounts of a unique lipid, and thus form specialized domains within endosomes. These specialized domains are involved in sorting the multifunctional receptor4 for insulin-like growth factor 2 and ligands bearing mannose-6-phosphate, in particular lysosomal enzymes. We also show that this unique lipid is a specific antigen for human antibodies associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome5,6. These antibodies may act intracellularly by altering the protein-sorting functions of endosomes.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M.-H. Beuchat for technical assistance; G. Griffiths for his help and support in the analysis of the monoclonal antibodies, H. Hardersen for preparing monoclonal antibodies; J. Deshusses for help in LBPA identification; M. Lindsay for help with electron microscopy; and G. van der Goot, U. Schiebler and F. Perez for reading the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to J.G.), the NHMRC of Australia (to R.G.P.), and the International Human Frontier Science Program (to J.G., R.G.P. and T.K.)
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Kobayashi, T., Stang, E., Fang, K. et al. A lipid associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome regulates endosome structure and function. Nature 392, 193–197 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/32440
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/32440
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