Abstract
Microglia represent a crucial cell population in the central nervous system, participating in the regulation and surveillance of physiological processes as well as playing key roles in the etiologies of several major brain disorders. The ability to target gene transfer vehicles selectively to microglia would provide a powerful new approach to investigations of mechanisms regulating brain pathologies, as well as enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of specifically and efficiently targeting microglia relative to other brain cells, using vectors based on two different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying cell-type-specific transcriptional elements to regulate gene expression. Among a set of promoter choices examined, an element derived from the gene for the murine macrophage marker F4/80 was the most discriminating for microglia. Gene expression from vectors controlled by this element was highly selective for microglia, both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of selective expression of transferred genes in microglia using AAV-derived vectors, as well as the first utilization of recombinant AAV-5 vectors in any macrophage lineage. These results provide strong encouragement for the application of these vectors and this approach for delivering therapeutic and other genes selectively to microglia.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by an award to EF Terwilliger from the Pediatric AIDS Foundation and by NIH grant NS43986. We are grateful to RJ Samulski (The Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA) and JA Chiorini (Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA) for providing AAV precursor plasmids, DG Tenen (Hematology/Oncology Division, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA) for the CD11b promoter element, D Greaves and A McKnight (Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK) for the CD68 and F4/80 promoter sequences, J de Vellis and R Cole (UCLA Mental Retardation Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA) for primary microglia cultures, H Koziel (Pulmonary Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA) for primary lung alveolar macrophage preparations, and JW Francis (Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA) for rat primary neuronal cultures. We also thank CJ Cahill and DA Brown (Joslin Diabetes Center and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA) for help with confocal imaging, V Petkova (Hematology/Oncology Division, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA) for assistance with real-time PCR, H Madry (Laboratory of Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center) for helpful discussions, and J Delahanty for assistance with graphics preparation and editing.
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Cucchiarini, M., Ren, X., Perides, G. et al. Selective gene expression in brain microglia mediated via adeno-associated virus type 2 and type 5 vectors. Gene Ther 10, 657–667 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3301925
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3301925
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