Abstract
Herein we review the evidence that neocortical projection neurons and interneurons are derived from distinct regions within the telencephalon. While neocortical projection neurons are derived from the ventricular zone of the neocortex, neocortical interneurons appear to be derived from the germinal zone of the basal ganglia. These interneurons follow a tangential migratory pathway from the ganglionic eminences to the cortex. Interneurons of the olfactory bulb follow a distinct tangential migration from the basal ganglia. The Dlx homeobox genes, which are essential for basal ganglia differentiation, are also required for the development of neocortical and olfactory bulb interneurons. Furthermore, evidence is presented that retroviral-mediated expression of DLX2 in neocortical cells can induce GABAergic interneuron differentiation.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antisense Elements (Genetics)
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Cell Differentiation / physiology
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Cell Division / physiology
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Cell Movement / physiology*
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Cells, Cultured
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Cytoskeletal Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
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Homeodomain Proteins / genetics*
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Interneurons / chemistry
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Interneurons / cytology*
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Mice
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Mutagenesis / physiology
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Neocortex / cytology*
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Neocortex / growth & development*
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Phenotype
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Retroviridae
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Retroviridae Infections
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Transcription Factors
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gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / genetics
Substances
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Antisense Elements (Genetics)
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Cytoskeletal Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Distal-less homeobox proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Tes protein, mouse
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Transcription Factors
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gamma-Aminobutyric Acid