The thalamus is involved in the regulation of the neocortical rhythmicity reflected in EEG as the alpha rhythm. Recent evidence suggests that the thalamus is affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the relationship between the dominant occipital rhythm of the lifetime EEG and the choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) and monoamine concentrations in the postmortem thalamus of 20 histologically verified AD patients. The AD patients were divided into 3 groups (5-6 Hz, 7 Hz and 8-9 Hz) according to the frequency of the dominant occipital rhythm (FOC). Noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were significantly lower for the 5-6 Hz and 7 Hz subgroups as compared to the 8-9 Hz subgroup. The NA content of the thalamus correlated significantly with the FOC (r = 0.46, P = 0.04). The ChAT activity or concentrations of dopamine or serotonin did not correlate with the FOC or differ across the AD subgroups. The results suggests that the noradrenergic deficit of the thalamus may contribute to slowing of the dominant occipital rhythm in AD.