Continuous shared control for stabilizing reaching and grasping with brain-machine interfaces

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2006 Jun;53(6):1164-73. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2006.870235.

Abstract

Research on brain-machine interfaces (BMI's) is directed toward enabling paralyzed individuals to manipulate their environment through slave robots. Even for able-bodied individuals, using a robot to reach and grasp objects in unstructured environments can be a difficult telemanipulation task. Controlling the slave directly with neural signals instead of a hand-master adds further challenges, such as uncertainty about the intended trajectory coupled with a low update rate for the command signal. To address these challenges, a continuous shared control (CSC) paradigm is introduced for BMI where robot sensors produce reflex-like reactions to augment brain-controlled trajectories. To test the merits of this approach, CSC was implemented on a 3-degree-of-freedom robot with a gripper bearing three co-located range sensors. The robot was commanded to follow eighty-three reach-and-grasp trajectories estimated previously from the outputs of a population of neurons recorded from the brain of a monkey. Five different levels of sensor-based reflexes were tested. Weighting brain commands 70% and sensor commands 30% produced the best task performance, better than brain signals alone by more than seven-fold. Such a marked performance improvement in this test case suggests that some level of machine autonomy will be an important component of successful BMI systems in general.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Arm / physiopathology*
  • Brain / physiology*
  • Electroencephalography / methods
  • Evoked Potentials / physiology
  • Feedback
  • Hand Strength / physiology
  • Humans
  • Imagination / physiology
  • Movement Disorders / rehabilitation*
  • Movement*
  • Robotics / instrumentation
  • Robotics / methods*
  • Systems Integration
  • Telemedicine / instrumentation
  • Telemedicine / methods
  • Therapy, Computer-Assisted / instrumentation
  • Therapy, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • User-Computer Interface*