Transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase was used to define the location of last order spinal interneurones projecting to deltoideus motoneurones during voluntary target-reaching and/or in unrestricted walking on the ground. Labelled interneurones were found bilaterally from C2 to Th1 in target-reaching cats and almost exclusively in the C5-Th1 segments in walking cats, although the total number of labelled interneurones in these cats was considerably higher than in the target-reaching cats. These results confirm the previous finding that propriospinal neurones in the C3-C4 segments can mediate the descending command for target-reaching movements with the forelimb. In both groups of cats labelled interneurones were found ipsilaterally in laminae V-IX, while contralaterally they were mainly restricted to lamina VIII. In the forelimb segments there was a larger number of labelled interneurones in the walking cats in the lateral part of laminae V-VII and in laminae VIII and IX. There was a positive, almost linear correlation between the total number of labelled interneurones and motoneurones in all cats. The results suggest that both excitatory and inhibitory last order interneurones can be transneuronally labelled. It is concluded that this method can be used for functional identification of last order interneurones active during the preparation and/or execution of different movements.