Abstract
In recent years, evidence has been accumulating regarding high levels of comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a number of disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders and conduct disorder. Thus, ADHD is most likely a group of conditions, rather than a single homogeneous clinical entity, with potentially different etiologic and modifying risk factors and different outcomes. Follow-up studies of children with ADHD indicate that subgroups of subjects with ADHD and comorbid disorders have a poorer outcome as evidenced by significantly greater social, emotional, and psychological difficulties. Investigation of these issues should help to clarify the etiology, course, and outcome of ADHD.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Age Factors
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Anxiety Disorders / diagnosis
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Anxiety Disorders / epidemiology
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Anxiety Disorders / psychology
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology*
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / psychology
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Child
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Comorbidity
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Conduct Disorder / diagnosis
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Conduct Disorder / epidemiology
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Conduct Disorder / psychology
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Developmental Disabilities / diagnosis
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Developmental Disabilities / epidemiology
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Developmental Disabilities / psychology
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Humans
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Mood Disorders / diagnosis
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Mood Disorders / epidemiology
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Mood Disorders / psychology
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Research Design
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Substance-Related Disorders / diagnosis
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Substance-Related Disorders / epidemiology
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Substance-Related Disorders / psychology