Nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can be classified into nonpeptidergic IB(4)(+) and peptidergic IB(4)(-) subtypes, which terminate in different layers in dorsal horn and transmit pain along different ascending pathways, and display different firing properties. Voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(v)1.8 channels are expressed in both IB(4)(+) and IB(4)(-) cells and produce most of the current underlying the depolarizing phase of action potential (AP). Slow inactivation of TTX-R channels has been shown to regulate repetitive DRG neuron firing behavior. We show in this study that use-dependent reduction of Na(v)1.8 current in IB(4)(+) neurons is significantly stronger than that in IB(4)(-) neurons, although voltage dependency of activation and steady-state inactivation are not different. The time constant for entry of Na(v)1.8 into slow inactivation in IB(4)(+) neurons is significantly faster and more Na(v)1.8 enter the slow inactivation state than in IB(4)(-) neurons. In addition, recovery from slow inactivation of Na(v)1.8 in IB(4)(+) neurons is slower than that in IB(4)(-) neurons. Using current-clamp recording, we demonstrate a significantly higher current threshold for generation of APs and a longer latency to onset of firing in IB(4)(+), compared with those of IB(4)(-) neurons. In response to a ramp stimulus, IB(4)(+) neurons produce fewer APs and display stronger adaptation, with a faster decline of AP peak than IB(4)(-) neurons. Our data suggest that differential use-dependent reduction of Na(v)1.8 current in these two DRG subpopulations, which results from their different rate of entry into and recovery from the slow inactivation state, contributes to functional differences between these two neuronal populations.