The primary aim of the study was to describe and correlate pain behavior and changes in bone morphology in animal models of arthritis both in rats and guinea pigs. Either complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or mono-iodoacetate (MIA) solution was injected into the left knee joint to obtain a model for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, respectively. Subsequently, animals were behaviorally tested during a period of 12 days after CFA injection and at least 19 days after MIA injection. During these observation periods increasing pain behavior was observed, characterized by decreased von Frey mechanical thresholds and weight bearing on the affected limb. In Hargreaves' paw flick test slightly increased thermal hypersensitivity was observed in some instances in guinea pigs. In rats there was also decreased limb-use during forced ambulation. To evaluate bone destruction mu-computed tomography scans of the arthritic knee were taken on the last experimental day. Different bone parameters indicative of osteolysis and decreased trabecular connectivity were significantly correlated with the observed pain behavior. Detailed description of morphological changes in arthritic joints better characterizes the different animal models and might add to the knowledge on the working mechanisms of analgesic compounds that have an influence on bone structures in arthritis.