Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neuroinflammatory responses are considered to contribute to neuronal injury. Recently, the innate immune receptors, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the LPS receptor (CD14) have been related to neurodegeneration. In this study, we systematically assessed the expression of most TLRs and CD14 in AD, PD/DLB and ALS using murine models of these diseases and human post-mortem brain tissues. A common upregulation of TLR2 and CD14 was found in all three animal models. While these two receptors could also be detected in AD patient tissues, they were absent from DLB and ALS tissues. This uniform pattern of innate immune response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases clearly indicates that this response is part of a non-specific neuroinflammatory effector phase rather than a disease-specific event. The less dynamic disease progression in humans and the location (extracellular versus intracellular) of the aggregated proteins deposits might explain the divergent results seen between animal models and human tissues.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Alzheimer Disease / genetics
-
Alzheimer Disease / immunology
-
Alzheimer Disease / physiopathology
-
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / genetics
-
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / immunology
-
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / physiopathology
-
Animals
-
Biomarkers / analysis
-
Biomarkers / metabolism
-
Brain / immunology*
-
Brain / metabolism
-
Brain / physiopathology
-
Disease Models, Animal
-
Encephalitis / immunology*
-
Encephalitis / metabolism
-
Encephalitis / physiopathology
-
Extracellular Fluid / immunology
-
Female
-
Humans
-
Immunity, Innate / physiology*
-
Lewy Body Disease / genetics
-
Lewy Body Disease / immunology
-
Lewy Body Disease / physiopathology
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / analysis
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / metabolism*
-
Male
-
Mice
-
Mice, Inbred C57BL
-
Mice, Transgenic
-
Neurodegenerative Diseases / genetics
-
Neurodegenerative Diseases / immunology*
-
Neurodegenerative Diseases / physiopathology
-
Parkinson Disease / genetics
-
Parkinson Disease / immunology
-
Parkinson Disease / physiopathology
-
Species Specificity
-
Toll-Like Receptors / analysis
-
Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism*
-
Up-Regulation / genetics
-
Up-Regulation / immunology
Substances
-
Biomarkers
-
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
-
Toll-Like Receptors