A range of 3- and 6-substituted 1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine analogues of SK&F 38393 with D-1 agonist activity were compared for their behavioural effects in the intact adult rat and for their relative affinities for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors in vitro. All compounds showed selective affinity for D-1 receptors and induced prominent grooming behaviour, but those with the lower D-1:D-2 selectivity ratios also induced additional episodes of non-stereotyped sniffing, locomotion and rearing. No vacuous chewing was noted. There were marked differences in in vivo potency, extending over a 100-fold range. These responses to the most potent agonist, SK&F 77434 (3N-allyl-SK&F 38393) were reduced enantioselectively by the D-1 antagonist R-SK&F 83566. They were also reduced enantioselectively by the D-2 antagonist R-piquindone, but this pretreatment additionally released a marked vacuous chewing response to SK&F 77434. Prominent grooming may be a characteristic behavioural response to a range of D-1 agonists. It is suggested that there may be at least two forms of functional interaction between D-1 and D-2 systems, manifested concurrently in distinct elements of behaviour: one co-operative, as in the regulation of grooming, and with correlates in the regulation of pallidal neural activity; the other oppositional, as in the regulation of vacuous chewing, and with correlates in the regulation of striatal adenylate cyclase activity.