Direct evidence for monosynaptic connections between filiform hair sensory axons and giant interneurons (GIs) in the first instar cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was obtained using intracellular recording and HRP injection followed by electron microscopy. GIs 1-6 all receive monosynaptic input from at least one filiform afferent axon. GI1, GI2 and GI5 receive input only from the medial (M) axon, while GI3, GI4 and GI6 receive input from both M and lateral (L) axons. The dendrites of GI3 and GI6 which are contralateral to the cell bodies receive input from both axons whereas the smaller ipsilateral dendritic fields have synapses only from the L axon. GI5 has M axon input only onto its contralateral dendrites. In 50% of preparations GI7 receives weak input from the ipsilateral L axon. There is no obvious relationship between the morphology of the giant interneurons and the pattern of input they receive from the filiform afferents.