Peroxisomal regulation of redox homeostasis and adipocyte metabolism

Redox Biol. 2019 Jun:24:101167. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101167. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Abstract

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous cellular organelles required for specific pathways of fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis, and until recently their functions in adipocytes have not been well appreciated. Importantly, peroxisomes host many oxygen-consumption reactions and play a major role in generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), influencing whole cell redox status. Here, we review recent progress in peroxisomal functions in lipid metabolism as related to ROS/RNS metabolism and discuss the roles of peroxisomal redox homeostasis in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. We provide a framework for understanding redox regulation of peroxisomal functions in adipocytes together with testable hypotheses for developing therapies for obesity and the related metabolic diseases.

Keywords: Adipocytes; Lipid metabolism; Mitochondria; Peroxisomes; Redox.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adipocytes / metabolism*
  • Adipogenesis
  • Energy Metabolism*
  • Homeostasis*
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Metabolic Networks and Pathways
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Oxidation-Reduction*
  • Peroxisomes / metabolism*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Reactive Oxygen Species