We recorded the monocular and binocular VEPs to the alternation of sinusoidal gratings in order to evaluate the binocular interaction in each component of transient and steady-state VEPs in 13 normal subjects. Three spatial frequencies (1.3, 2.6 and 5.3 c/deg) with a 90% contrast were used as visual stimuli. The latencies and amplitudes of N70 and P100 of the transient VEPs were measured. The steady-state VEPs were Fourier analyzed, and both the phase and amplitude of the second (2F) and fourth (4F) harmonic responses were obtained. Binocular interaction was influenced by spatial frequency such that a binocular summation or even an inhibition occurred. For the transient VEPs, a binocular summation was more pronounced in the amplitude of N70 than in that of P100 at all spatial frequencies. There were no significant effects of binocular stimulation on latencies of N70 or P100. However, the latencies of N70 and P100 showed different spatial frequency characteristics. For the steady-state VEPs, the amplitude of 2F revealed a binocular summation that was more pronounced at 5.3 c/deg, whereas the 4F amplitude showed binocular inhibition at 2.6 and 5.3 c/deg. The 2F phase showed binocular inhibition at all spatial frequencies, whereas no such inhibition was observed in the 4F phase. These results suggest that individual components of transient and steady-state VEPs are physiologically distinct and may therefore be generated from different neuronal populations in striate cortex.