Properties of tri- and tetracarboxylate Ca2+ indicators in frog skeletal muscle fibers

Biophys J. 1996 Feb;70(2):896-916. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79633-9.

Abstract

Recently a number of lower-affinity fluorescent Ca2+ indicators have become available with principal absorbance bands at visible wavelengths. This article evaluates these indicators, as well as two shorter wavelength indicators, mag-fura-5 and mag-indo-1, for their suitability as rapid Ca2+ indicators in frog skeletal muscle fibers. With three lower-affinity tricarboxylate indicators (mag-fura-5, mag-indo-1, and magnesium orange), the change in fluorescence in response to an action potential (delta F) appeared to track the myoplasmic Ca2+ transient (delta[Ca2+]) without delay. With three lower-affinity tetracarboxylate indicators (BTC, calcium-orange-5N, and calcium-green-5N) and one tricarboxylate indicator (magnesium green), delta F responded to delta[Ca2+] with a small delay. Unfortunately, with the tetracarboxylate indicators, other problems were detected that appear to limit their usefulness as reliable Ca2+ indicators. Surprisingly, delta F from mag-fura-red, another tricarboxylate indicator, was biphasic (with 480 nm excitation), a feature that also greatly limits its usefulness. With several of the indicators, estimates were obtained for the myoplasmic value of KD, Ca (the indicator's dissociation constant for Ca2+) and found to be elevated severalfold in comparison with the value measured in a simple salt solution. These and other problems related to the quantitative use of Ca2+ indicators in the intracellular environment are evaluated and discussed.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials
  • Animals
  • Benzofurans
  • Biophysical Phenomena
  • Biophysics
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Fluorescent Dyes*
  • Fura-2 / analogs & derivatives
  • Imidazoles
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Indicators and Reagents*
  • Indoles
  • Kinetics
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
  • Organic Chemicals
  • Rana temporaria
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Substances

  • Benzofurans
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Imidazoles
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Indoles
  • Organic Chemicals
  • mag-Fura 5
  • 2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-N,N,O-triacetic acid
  • 2-(4-(biscarboxymethyl)amino-3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid
  • calcium green
  • calcium orange
  • fura red
  • Calcium
  • Fura-2