Abstract
Subcutaneous injection of citrate-buffered epoetin alpha (EPO-alpha) causes pain. Substitution of citrate buffer with a phosphate buffer in the EPO-alpha resulted in a significant reduction in duration and severity of pain. It is possible that sodium citrate which is present in the EPO-alpha may be the agent that causes discomfort in the patients.
Publication types
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Clinical Trial
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Comparative Study
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Randomized Controlled Trial
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Buffers
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Citrates / adverse effects*
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Drug Compounding
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Erythropoietin / administration & dosage
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Erythropoietin / adverse effects*
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Female
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Humans
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Injections, Subcutaneous
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Pain / chemically induced*
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Pain Threshold / drug effects
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Phosphates / adverse effects
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Recombinant Proteins
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Renal Dialysis / methods
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Single-Blind Method
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Sodium Citrate
Substances
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Buffers
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Citrates
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Phosphates
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Recombinant Proteins
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Erythropoietin
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Sodium Citrate