Inflammation, trauma, or nerve injury may cause enduring hyperalgesia, an enhanced
sensitivity to painful stimuli. Neurons in lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn that express the …

The processing of sensory, including nociceptive, information in spinal dorsal horn is
critically modulated by spinal GABAergic neurones. For example, blockade of spinal GABA A …

Agonists at μ-opioid receptors (MORs) represent the gold standard for the treatment of severe
pain. A key element of opioid analgesia is the depression of nociceptive information at the …

Most lamina I neurones with a projection to the brainstem express the neurokinin 1 receptor
and thus belong to a small subgroup of lamina I neurones that are necessary for the …

Pain and emotion are strongly regulated by neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA),
a major output of the limbic system; yet, the neuronal signaling pathways underlying …

Adequate pain sensitivity requires a delicate balance between excitation and inhibition in
the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This balance is severely impaired in neuropathy leading to …

Aberrant GABAergic inhibition in spinal dorsal horn may underlie some forms of neuropathic
pain. Potential, but yet unexplored, mechanisms include reduced excitability, abnormal …

Neurons in spinal dorsal horn lamina I play a pivotal role for nociception that critically
depends on a proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Any modification in …

Recent studies have demonstrated an important role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine
interferon-γ in neuropathic pain. Interferon-γ is upregulated in the lumbar spinal cord of nerve-…

The prototypic migratory trail of tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) is via lymphatic drainage.
Since the central nervous system (CNS) lacks classical lymphatic vessels, and antigens …