Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is
characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration that is accompanied by the formation of …

Cell autonomous circadian “clock” mechanisms are present in virtually every organ, and
generate daily rhythms that are important for normal physiology. This is especially relevant to …

Tau is a multifunctional protein that was originally identified as a microtubule-associated
protein. Tau is primarily a neuronal protein, but it is becoming increasingly evident that tau is …

Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex by acetylcholine is critical for attention; however, the cellular
mechanisms underlying its influence on attention pathways within the brain are not well …

Dramatic increases in hippocampal spine synapse density are known to occur within
minutes of estrogen exposure. Until now, it has been assumed that enhanced spinogenesis …

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia, and stroke. The mechanism by which …

Huntington disease (HD) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
selective atrophy and cell loss within the striatum. There is currently no treatment that can …

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a multifunctional enzyme that contributes to disease
progression in mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD), an inherited neurodegenerative …

BACKGROUND: Nicotinic signaling in prefrontal layer VI pyramidal neurons is important to
the function of mature attention systems. The normal incorporation of α5 subunits into α4β2* …

Cholinergic modulation of prefrontal cortex is essential for attention. In essence, it focuses
the mind on relevant, transient stimuli in support of goal-directed behavior. The excitation of …