An essential component of goal-directed decision-making is the ability to maintain flexible
responding based on the value of a given reward, or “reinforcer.” The medial orbitofrontal …

Anxiety disorders that develop in adolescence represent a significant burden and are
particularly challenging to treat, due in no small part to the high occurrence of relapse in this age …

The orbitofrontal cortex (o PFC ) sends substantial projections to the ventrolateral striatum
and aspects of the nucleus accumbens that are, functionally, poorly understood. This is …

Background Distinguishing between actions that are more likely or less likely to be
rewarded is a critical aspect of goal-directed decision making. However, neuroanatomic and …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to link stimuli and actions with anticipated outcomes
in order to sustain flexible behavior in an ever-changing environment. How it retains these …

Background Cocaine use during adolescence increases vulnerability to drug dependence
and decreases the likelihood that individuals will seek treatment as adults. Understanding …

In humans and rodents, stress promotes habit-based behaviors that can interfere with action–outcome
decision-making. Further, developmental stressor exposure confers long-term …

Comment 828 www. thelancet. com/psychiatry Vol 7 October 2020 continuing weekly or
fortnightly treatments after the initial period of intervention, and studies that have focused on …

Cocaine and amphetamine remodel dendritic spines within discrete cortico-limbic brain
structures including the orbitofrontal cortex (oPFC). Whether dendrite structure is similarly …

… Author links open overlay panel Kelsey S. Zimmermann a b c , Chia-Chun Hsu b c , … 2,
mice were shifted to a random interval 30-s schedule of reinforcement (RI-30) during the final 2 …