Astrocytes have important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) during health and
disease. Through genome-wide analyses we detected a transcriptional response to type I …

The specific signals mediating the activation of microglia and astrocytes as a prelude to, or
consequence of, CNS inflammation continue to be defined. We investigated TLRs as novel …

Microglia and astrocytes modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous
system (CNS) 1 , 2 – 3 . Microglia modulate pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities in …

Astrocytes have complex roles in health and disease, thus it is important to study the pathways
that regulate their function. Here we report that lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthesized by …

INTRODUCTION Glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including astrocytes and
microglia, play critical roles in development, tissue repair, and homeostasis. However, …

Cell–cell interactions in the central nervous system play important roles in neurologic diseases.
However, little is known about the specific molecular pathways involved, and methods …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS
that causes disability in young adults as a result of the irreversible accumulation of …

Genome-wide studies have identified genetic variants linked to neurologic diseases.
Environmental factors also play important roles, but no methods are available for their …

Metabolism has been shown to control peripheral immunity, but little is known about its role
in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Through a combination of proteomic, …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has been shown to be produced within multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions
by infiltrating lymphocytes; systemic administration of this cytokine induces exacerbation …