The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep (PS) onset and maintenance has not
previously been identified in the rat, unlike the cat. To fill this gap, this study has developed …

Background Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been done in ischaemic
stroke, identifying a few loci associated with the disease, but sample sizes have been …

The energy allocation (EA) model defines behavioral strategies that optimize the temporal
utilization of energy to maximize reproductive success. This model proposes that all species of …

Energy derived from food is a precious resource to animals. Those finite calories are often
well-earned through exhaustive foraging effort, which can dominate waking hours, to support …

Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and plaque determined by ultrasonography are
established measures of subclinical atherosclerosis that each predicts future cardiovascular …

Background and Purpose— The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is
poorly understood, but endothelial activation and dysfunction may play a causal role. Cross-…

Background The discovery of disease-associated loci through genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) is the leading genetic approach to the identification of novel biological …

Orexins (also called hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that carry out essential
functions in the central nervous system; however, little is known about their release and range …

Carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are measures of subclinical
atherosclerosis associated with ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, …

For many decades, sleep researchers have sought to determine which species ‘have' rapid
eye movement (REM) sleep. In doing so, they relied predominantly on a template derived …