The neural regulation of the cardiovascular system has been the subject of active investigation
for more than a century. Generally, the detailed infor mation available about peripheral …

The timing of events within the nervous system is a critical feature of signal processing and
integration. In neurotransmission, the synaptic latency, the time between stimulus delivery …

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) receives dense terminations from cranial visceral
afferents, including those from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Although the NTS integrates …

TRPV1 receptors feature prominently in nociception of spinal primary afferents but are also
expressed in unmyelinated cranial visceral primary afferents linked to homeostatic regulation…

Indirect evidence suggests that excitatory amino acids (EAA) are involved in synaptic transmission
of visceral afferents at their synapses within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Little …

Vanilloid (VR1) and purinergic (P2X) receptors are found in cranial afferent neurons in nodose
ganglia and their central terminations within the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), but little is …

Cranial visceral afferents activate central pathways that mediate systemic homeostatic
processes. Afferent information arrives in the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and is …

Although the central terminals of cranial visceral afferents express vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1),
little is known about their functional properties at this first synapse within the nucleus …

Cranial visceral afferents travel via the solitary tract (ST) to contact neurons within the ST
nucleus (NTS) and activate homeostatic reflexes. Hypothalamic projections from the …

Brainstem A 2 /C 2 neurons are catecholamine (CA) neurons within the solitary tract nucleus
(NTS) that influence many homeostatic functions, including cardiovascular reflexes, food …