This review first focuses on the neurobiological substrates for the acute reinforcing effects of
the major classes of drugs of abuse. Next, a discussion is provided of how these …

… , together with the cue light, for 60 s. The session was terminated after 100 reinforcers … (Caine
et al., 1999b). Briefly, nose pokes in the active hole were reinforced under the FR 1 TO 30 s …

The reinforcing properties of cocaine are probably mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine
pathways in the central nervous system, but not all of the dopamine receptor subtypes …

Drug craving, the desire to experience the effect(s) of a previously experienced psychoactive
substance, has been hypothesized to contribute significantly to continued drug use and …

This study tested the hypothesis that blockade of D-1 dopamine receptors in the nucleus
accumbens shell, central nucleus of the amygdala or dorsal striatum by intracerebral …

Dopamine receptor subtypes have been classified generally as D1-like (eg, D1, D5) or D2-like
(D2, D3, D4), and converging evidence suggests that D2-like receptors may be especially …

There are many sources of reinforcement in the spectrum of cocaine dependence that
contribute to the compulsive cocaine self-administration or loss of control of cocaine intake that …

The effects of three dopamine D-1 receptor antagonists (SCH23390, SCH39166 and A69024)
and three dopamine D-2 antagonists (raclopride, eticlopride and spiperone) on cocaine …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation requires both the binding of glutamate to
its recognition site and occupancy of the strychnine insensitive glycine modulatory site (GMS…

Behavioural responses to psychostimulant drugs can be profoundly affected by early
environmental influences. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of repeated brief …