GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a primary role in local inhibition
of mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons but are not physiologically or anatomically …

The neural mechanisms underlying the transition from a drug-nondependent to a drug-dependent
state remain elusive. Chronic exposure to drugs has been shown to increase brain-…

The quantitative relation between the concentration of local anesthetic (LA), the length of
nerve exposed, and severity of conduction blockade was studied with use of a chamber where …

Cytokines belonging to the type I interferon (eg interferon-α) family are important in the host
response to infection and may have complex and broad ranging actions in the central …

Although mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission has been implicated in behavioral and
cortical arousal, DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons are critical substrates modulating the mesocorticolimbic
dopamine system implicated in natural and drug reward. The aim of this study was …

There is an ongoing controversy regarding the role of gender in modulating components of
the human visual-evoked potential (VEP) and event-related potentials (ERPs). Our aim was …

We have recently identified a homogeneous population of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing
neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), an area implicated in the reinforcing …

Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) have been implicated in the development of behavioral
sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure. We hypothesized that increased ROS …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug with a high addictive potential that is widely abused
across the world. Although it is known that METH dysregulates both dopamine transmission …