Communication between cells reaches its highest degree of specialization at chemical
synapses. Some synapses talk in a 'whisper'; others 'shout'. The 'louder' the synapse, the more …

… Henkel AW, Liibke J, Betz WJ: FM1 -43 ultrastructural localization in and release from
frog motor nerve terminals. froc Nat/ Acad Demonstration that blocking the sodium/calcium …

▪ Abstract FM1-43 and similar styryl dyes have proven useful as probes for membrane
trafficking because they reversibly stain membranes, are impermeable to membranes, and are …

The fluorescent dyes FM1-43 and RH414 label motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent
fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling. This allows …

… wavelength), fulfill these criteria, staining frog, rat, and mouse motor nerve terminals with an
intensity that depends upon the amount of transmitter released (preliminary account in Betz …

We have identified and characterized two vesicle recycling pathways in frog motor nerve
terminals. We exploited the differential staining properties of FM dyes of varying hydrophobicity …

… WJ BETZ to the number of quanta released (see Discussion). 'Release' is expressed in
multiples of the smallest conditioning response (amplitude of one epp in 2*7 mM-Ca). In all …

The defining morphological feature of chemical synapses is the vesicle cluster in the presynaptic
nerve terminal. It has generally been assumed that vesicles closest to release sites are …

FM dyes have been used to label and then monitor synaptic vesicles, secretory granules
and other endocytic structures in a variety of preparations. Here, we describe the general …

We have characterized the morphological and functional properties of the readily releasable
pool (RRP) and the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles in frog motor nerve terminals using …