Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary
rewards ($11–$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25–$85) available after …

Rationale: Impulsivity is implicated in drug dependence. Recent studies show problems
with alcohol and opioid dependence are associated with rapid discounting of the value of …

Behavioral economics examines conditions that influence the consumption of commodities
and provides several concepts that may be instrumental in understanding drug dependence. …

A within‐subject design, using human participants, compared delay discounting functions
for real and hypothetical money rewards. Both real and hypothetical rewards were studied …

Delay discounting was investigated in opioid-dependent and non-drug-using control participants.
The latter participants were matched to the former on age, gender, education, and IQ. …

Objective: To assess whether incentives improved treatment outcome in ambulatory cocaine-dependent
patients. Method: Forty cocaine-dependent adults were randomly assigned to …

BACKGROUND:: Excessive discounting of future rewards has been observed in a variety of
disorders and has been linked both to valuation of the past and to memory of past events. …

… Madden and Warren K. Bickel Gregory J. Madden and Patrick S. Johnson 11-37 Amy L. …
Bickel 191-211 Harriet de Wit and Suzanne H. Mitchell 213-241 Marilyn E. Carroll, Justin J. …

Research has found that nicotine-dependent individuals delay discount monetary gains at a
higher rate than matched controls. Delay discount rates, however, have also been found to …

Qbiective: The aim ofthis study was to assess the efficacy ofa behavioral treatment program
for achieving initial cocaine abstinence in individuals enrolled in outpatient treatment for …